Understanding Smart Sensors - Nomads.usp

Index 389Transducer-independent interface(TII), 274, 285–86defined, 285electrical connections, 285–86signal and control lines, 288Transducers. See SensorsTransitionsCISC to RISC, 166between protocols, 143–44RF to digital, 176–77between systems, 144–45Typical specification, 55Unfoldable microelements, 219–21Universal serial bus (USB), 299Vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), 103Vehicle area network (VAN) protocol, 129Vehicle navigation and warning(VNAW), 189, 190Virtual reality modeling language(VRML), 304Voltagelow sensor output, 66–67regulation, MCU, 103sensing system, 267Wheatstone bridge output, 50Wafer bonding, 19, 21–25comparison, 27for complex structures/adding ICs, 25silicon fusion, 24–25silicon-on-glass, 23–24silicon-on-silicon, 22–23Wafer-level packaging, 238–39cost savings, 238–39illustrated, 240reliability, 243–44Wafer-on-wafer construction, 222Wheatstone bridge, 50–52output voltage, 50for piezoresistive pressure sensor, 51temperature-sensitive resistors, 53Wireless communications, 179–82fax/modems, 180–81LANs, 180methods, 179in networked vehicle, 323–24optical signal, 182zone sensing, 181–82Wireless LANs (WLANs), 180Wireless zone sensing (WZS), 181–82defined, 181illustrated, 182variable air volume (VAV), 181World Wide Web (WWW), 301browser, 302, 303interactive, real-time experimentsover, 303X-ducer design, 54