Understanding Smart Sensors - Nomads.usp

Index 385Ratiometricity, 56Reactive ion etching (RIE), 34–35defined, 34in SCREAM process, 35uses, 34–35Read only memory (ROM), 15, 97one-time programmable (OTP), 98See also Erasable programmableROM; MemoryReduced instruction set computer(RISC), 166CISC vs., 165–66combined with CISC and DSP, 167–68Reliability, 239–44failure and, 242–43packaging and, 227in plastic packaged pressure sensor, 241wafer-level sensor, 243–44Remote diagnosis, 302–3Remote emissions sensing, 186–87Remote keyless entry, 187–88automatic driver sensor (ADS), 187illustrated, 188See also RF sensingRemote meter reading, 192Remote sensingdevice (RSD) systems, 186RF technology in, 173Resistance-capacitance (RC) filter, 77Resistance temperature detector (RTD), 79Resistorsintegrated, 83for resolution, 14temperature-sensitive, 53RF-ID tags, 191–92block diagram, 191frequency ranges, 191uses, 191, 192RF sensing, 183–92bar code readers, 192GPS, 185–86ITS, 188–90meter reading, 192radar, 183–85remote emissions, 186–87RF-ID, 191–92SAW devices, 183See also Radio frequency (RF)SAE J1850 protocol, 125–26data link controller, 136defined, 125implementations, 125MCU with, 135–36MDLC, 135options, 126See also Automotive protocolsScanning electron microscope (SEM), 38Schmitt trigger, 79–80defined, 79output, 80Semiconductor Equipment MaterialsInternational (SEMI)standard, 132Semiconductorsfuture capabilities, 313–15GaAs, 177n-channel metal oxide (NMOS), 30packaging, 228–31scale, future, 314technology projection, 313Sensingautomated/remote, 301–3capacitive, 58–59current, 256, 257die with moving parts, 30direct, 112embedded, 252–61emerging techniques for, 165indirect, 112integrated, 12, 13mechanical-electro transitions in, 4–5by modem, 300observers for, 162–63piezoelectric, 41–42, 59–60piezoresistive, 57quadrature direction, 63real-time, 180remote, 173remote emissions, 186–87RF, 183–92technologies, 4, 50, 57–62temperature, 252–56wireless zone (WZS), 181–82See also Sensing systems; SensorsSensing arrays, 261–65infrared focal plane, 263