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Table 1 continued.Variable Unit1994 (n = 89) 1995 (n = 149) 1996 (n = 122) 1997 (n = 105) All yearsMean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Min. Max.Av sale price of paddy during ’97 US$ kg –1 0.13 0.03 0.17 0.04 0.14 0.02 0.15 0.02 0.09 0.30year cAv local market paddy price ’97 US$ kg –1 0.14 0.01 0.18 0.02 0.15 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.12 0.20during yearAgricultural technology, practices, and inputsTraditional nonglutinous rice 0/1 dummy 0.18 – 0.11 – 0.11 – 0.07 – 0 1Modern short-duration 0/1 dummy 0.20 – 0.35 – 0.37 – 0.43 – 0 1nonglutinous riceModern medium-long-duration 0/1 dummy 0.52 – 0.40 – 0.34 – 0.24 – 0 1nonglutinous riceUrea ha –1 year –1 av kg ha –1 160 87 160 74 169 71 149 73 0 533Price of urea (weighted yearly av) ’97 US$ kg –1 0.244 0.028 0.236 0.022 0.248 0.016 0.196 0.023 0.123 0.337Local market price of urea ’97 US$ kg –1 0.355 0.009 0.302 0.005 0.232 0.014 0.187 0.005 0.175 0.369(yearly av)No. mechanized tractors used a 0/1 dummy 0.28 – 0 1Whether homestead owns 0/1 dummy 0.26 – 0 1drying court aWater management infrastructureLand leveling carried out on-farm 0/1 dummy 0.38 – 0.28 – 0.29 – 0.38 – 0 1Dike construction on farm 0/1 dummy 0.48 – 0.36 – 0.34 – 0.39 – 0 1Interpolated annual rainfall at mm 1,251 66 1,616 216 1,863 107 1,513 145 1,174 2,076villageFlooding 0.5–1 m lasting 3 mo b 0/1 dummy 0.12 – 0 1Brackish (>4 g L –1 ) water >6 mo b 0/1 dummy 0.13 – 0 1Rainfed farm (no irrigation) b 0/1 dummy 0.11 – 0 1Limited irrigation available b 0/1 dummy 0.10 – 0 1Reliable irrigation on-farm b 0/1 dummy 0.61 – 0 1Market accessibility and travel distancesDistance to nearest local market b km 19.8 4.6 12 28Accessibility index—distance to km 19.5 4.7 11 28nearest market bAccessiblity index—time to all min 130.2 70.2 51 255local markets ba Numbers reported come from (1) a baseline survey that did not include all households later interviewed for the longitudinal survey, and (2) interpolation or overlay of values generatedfrom GIS coverages. Number of observations for particular variables can vary from general sample sizes reported. b Soil, water availability, and accessibility measures were derivedfrom GIS coverages available in Mekong Delta provinces only. c Calculated as the weighted average (by quantity of rice sold) sale price of rice reported by surveyed farms.Integration of biophysical and socioeconomic constraints . . . 453