Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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Congestion Control in ATM Networks and the Internet 125The most widely accepted notion of fairness is the max-min fairnesscriterion, and it is defined asτ⎛ M l ⎞a− ⎜ i + MR⎝⎜∑τ∑⎟i i ⎠⎟= 1 = 1Fair share = MRp+(3.76)τN−Mlwhere MRpis the minimum rate for a source p, ∑ i=1 MR is the sum of minimumrates of l active sources at the ingress node, a is the total availablebandwidth on the link, N is the number of active sources, and τ is theτsum of bandwidth of M active sources bottlenecked elsewhere. Note thatin many cases, the number of controllable sources is not accurately knownand, hence, the proposed scheme also can be used to alter some real-timetraffic as the real-time video is compressed and can tolerate boundeddelays.3.6.4 Simulation ScenariosTo show the performance of the proposed rate-based end-to-end congestioncontrol algorithm, we test it in the following scenarios.Example 3.6.1: Single SourceFigure 3.22a to Figure 3.22d show the plot of CBR traffic with time fora single source. The bandwidth of each link is 2 Mbps. The bottleneckbuffer size is taken at 10 packets. The bottleneck link delay is 2 msec,other link delays are at 10 msec. In the simulations, the bandwidth ofbottleneck Link0 between the routers was reduced from 2 to 0.5 Mbpsand various performance measures were observed in the Link0. Theassociated cumulative packets loss is shown in Figure 3.22a, the bufferutilization is shown in Figure 3.22b, the PLR is shown in Figure 3.22c,and network utilization is shown in Figure 3.22d. From this figure, itis clear that during congestion, the packets are stored in the buffer toprevent losses. When the bandwidth of the links between the nodes isreduced to 25%, the delay is significant as the control scheme appearsto minimize losses. Further, the losses happen only during transientconditions whereas no losses are observed during steady state. Finally,when there is no congestion, the time to transmit all the packets tookapproximately 60 msec more than without feedback because of packet
126 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks50454035CPL (packets)3025201510500 10 20 30 40Time:(s)50 60 70 80(a) Cumulative packet loss.1009080Buffer utilization (%)7060504030201000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Time:(s)(b) Buffer utilization.FIGURE 3.22Performance in TQ scheme with single source: (a) cumulative packet loss, (b) buffer utilization,(c) PLR, and (d) network utilization.
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18. Chaos in Automatic Control, edi
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CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group6000
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Table of Contents1 Background on Ne
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3 Congestion Control in ATM Network
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5.4.2 Distributed Power Controller
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7.3 Adaptive and Distributed Fair S
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9.2.2 Overview.....................
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the number of connections in each l
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y Maheswaran Thiagarajan, and tirel
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2 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networ
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10 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netwo
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2BackgroundIn this chapter, we prov
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Background 51u(k)x n (k + 1)x n (k)
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Background 53with x( 0)being the in
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Background 55with tr(.) the matrix
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Background 57nGiven a function ft (
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Background 592.3.2 Lyapunov Stabili
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Background 61as well as Jagannathan
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Background 63The subsequent example
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Background 65Evaluating this along
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Background 67Now, select the feedba
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Background 69is SISL if and only if
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Background 71L 1 (x)L(x, t)L 0 (x)0
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Background 73for some R > 0 such th
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Page 100: Background 77Section 2.4Problem 2.4
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Page 170 and 171: 4Admission Controller Design for Hi
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Admission Controller Design for Hig
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7Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wir
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Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wire
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8Optimized Energy and Delay-Based R
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Optimized Energy and Delay-Based Ro
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9Predictive Congestion Control for
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Predictive Congestion Control for W
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10Adaptive and Probabilistic Power
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Adaptive and Probabilistic Power Co
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