Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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Distributed Power Control and Rate Adaptation 295RFID readers to power internal circuits and obtain communication. Readersoperating in the same frequency may interfere with the others resulting ina reduced detection range and read rate. In addition, because the tags are atlow cost, any intelligent power control must be designed on the reader sideonly. Because the reader and tag range are relatively stationary and short indistance, interference by others is considered as the main source for channeluncertainties in RFID systems. Therefore, by assuming g ii in Equation 6.1 tobe a constant, the DAPC feedback loop can be internal to the reader, andonly interference measurements are necessary. Received SNR can be directlyconverted into detection range and measure system performances. For wirelessad hoc and sensor networks, meeting the SNR target is important todecode a packet successfully. Otherwise, retransmissions will result.An ad hoc wireless network (or a RFID reader network with 4 readers)is implemented using the Gen-4 SSN setup. The desired SNR for thereaders is at 10 dB and a channel attenuation between the tag and readeris assumed to be 40 dBm (g ii ). First, a system with no power control schemeis tested, and the output power of all four nodes is set to be 2 dBm. InFigure 6.38, the performance of all four nodes is illustrated, and it is clearPower (dB)/SNR (dBm)706050403020100−10706050403020100−10Node 1Node 3SNR (dB)Power (dBm)−200 20 40 60 80 100 120SNR (dB)Power (dBm)−200 20 40 60 80 100 120706050403020100−10Node 2−200 20 40 60 80 100 120706050403020100−10Node 4SNR (dB)Power (dBm)SNR (dB)Power (dBm)−200 20 40 60 80 100 120Number of transmissionsFIGURE 6.38Network performances of 4 nodes with no power update scheme.
296 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor NetworksPower db/SNR (dBm)706050Node 1SNR (dB)Power (dBm)403020100−10−200 20 40 60 80 100 120706050Node 2403020100−10−200 20 40 60 80 100 120Node 3 Node 47070SNR (dB)60SNR (dB)Power (dBm) 60Power (dBm)5050404030302020101000−10−10−200 20 40 60 80 100 120−200 20 40 60 80 100 120Number of transmissionsSNR (dB)Power (dBm)FIGURE 6.39Network performances of 4 nodes using DAPC.that two of the nodes (or readers) never achieve their desired SNR whereasothers have very unstable SNR. Now, the DAPC is turned on at each ofthe nodes (or readers). As shown in Figure 6.39, all four nodes attain thedesired SNR of 10 dB.6.12 ConclusionsA novel power control MAC protocol is presented for wireless ad hocnetworks. The proposed DPC scheme allows fully DPC and has resultedin better performance in the presence of radio channel uncertainties.The proposed DPC scheme uses significantly less transmitter powerper bit compared to 802.11; hence, the energy is saved and the life-span
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Wireless Ad Hocand SensorNetworksPr
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18. Chaos in Automatic Control, edi
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CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group6000
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Table of Contents1 Background on Ne
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3 Congestion Control in ATM Network
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5.4.2 Distributed Power Controller
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7.3 Adaptive and Distributed Fair S
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9.2.2 Overview.....................
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the number of connections in each l
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y Maheswaran Thiagarajan, and tirel
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2 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networ
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10 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netwo
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2BackgroundIn this chapter, we prov
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Background 51u(k)x n (k + 1)x n (k)
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Background 53with x( 0)being the in
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Background 55with tr(.) the matrix
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Background 57nGiven a function ft (
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Background 592.3.2 Lyapunov Stabili
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Background 61as well as Jagannathan
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Background 63The subsequent example
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Background 65Evaluating this along
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Background 67Now, select the feedba
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Background 69is SISL if and only if
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Background 71L 1 (x)L(x, t)L 0 (x)0
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Background 73for some R > 0 such th
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Background 75Evaluating the first d
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Background 77Section 2.4Problem 2.4
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100 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netw
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4Admission Controller Design for Hi
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Admission Controller Design for Hig
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Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wire
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8Optimized Energy and Delay-Based R
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Optimized Energy and Delay-Based Ro
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9Predictive Congestion Control for
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Predictive Congestion Control for W
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10Adaptive and Probabilistic Power
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Adaptive and Probabilistic Power Co
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Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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