Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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Adaptive and Probabilistic Power Control Scheme 4832.5Network with 15 readersAverage detection range (meters)21.510.5PPC beta (0.1, 0.1)PPC beta (2, 2)DAPC05 6 7 9 11 14Minimum distance between readers (meters)FIGURE 10.13Average detection range with minimum distance.10.6 ConclusionsTwo algorithms for RFID reader read range and interference managementbased on DAPC are explored and analyzed. Both algorithms can be implementedas power control MAC protocols for MATLAB-based RFID readernetwork simulation. DAPC is seen to converge at a fast rate to the requiredSNR if it is achievable within power limitations. Selective backoff algorithmin DAPC enhances the channel utilization in denser networks. PPCis not fully implemented to tune in with the network density; however,it still shows advantages in scalability and fairness of channel assessment.Furthermore, implementation details of both algorithms are discussed.This chapter details a novel interpretation of the reader collision problemthat can be applied to other similar RF systems also. We have demonstratedthat high-power RFID networks suffer from severe interferencesand cause problems on other lower-power RF devices. These problemsmay not be resolved easily at the RF communication level and, therefore,two power control algorithms, DAPC and PPC, are introduced. Furtherwork on DAPC would involve automatically tuning the selective backoffimplementations based on interference and quality measurements.
484 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor NetworksFurther work on PPC would concentrate on developing a method tointernally adapt the power distribution based on interference measurementsto achieve specified statistical goals for the read range.ReferencesCha, K., Ramachandran, A., and Jagannathan, S., Adaptive and probabilisticpower control schemes and hardware implementation for dense RFID networks,Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference of Decision and Control,pp. 1858–1863, 2006.Engels, D.W., The Reader Collision Problem, MIT Auto ID Center, MIT-AUTOID-WH-007, 2002.EPC Radio-Frequency Identity Protocols Generation 2 Identity Tag (Class 1): Protocolfor Communications at 860MHz-960MHz, EPC Global Hardware ActionGroup (HAG), EPC Identity Tag (Class 1) Generation 2, Last-Call Working DraftVersion 1.0.2, November 24, 2003.EPCGlobal Inc publications, http://www.epcglobalinc.org/.FCC Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Vol. 1, Part 15, Sections 245–249,47CFR15, October 2000.Finkenzeller, K. and Waddington, R., RFID Handbook: Radio-Frequency IdentificationFundamentals and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, January 2000.Jagannathan, S., Neural Network Control of Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems, Taylorand Francis (CRC Press), Boca Raton, FL, 2006.Jagannathan, S., Zawodniok, M., and Shang, Q., Distributed power control of cellularnetworks in the presence of channel uncertainties, IEEE Transactions on WirelessCommunications, Vol. 5, No. 3, 540–549, March 2006.Jung, E.-S. and Vaidya, N.H., A power control MAC protocol for ad hoc networks,Proceedings of the ACM MOBICOM, 2002.Karthaus, U. and Fischer, M., Fully Integrated passive UHF RFID Transponder ICWith 16.7-uW Minimum RF Input Power, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,Vol. 38, No. 10, October 2003.Park, S.-J. and Sivakumar, R., Quantitative analysis of transmission power controlin wireless ad-hoc networks, Proceedings of the ICPPW'02, August 2002.Rao, K.V.S., An overview of back scattered radio frequency identificationsystems (RFID), Proceedings of the IEEE Microwave Conference, Vol. 3, 1999,pp. 746–749.Rappaport, T.S., Wireless Communications, Principles and Practices, Prentice Hall, NJ, 1999.TR (Technical Report) on LBT (listen-before-talk) for Adaptive Frequency AgileSRD’s as Implemented in the Draft EN 302 288, ETSI TR 102 378 V1.1,October 2005.Waldrop, J., Engels, D.W., and Sharma, S.E., Colorwave: an anti-collision algorithmfor the reader collision problem, Proceedings of the IEEE ICC, Vol. 2, 2003,pp. 1206–1210.Zawodniok, M. and Jagannathan, S., A distributed power control MAC protocolfor wireless ad hoc networks, Proceedings of the IEEE WCNC, Vol. 3, March2004, pp. 1915–1920.
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Wireless Ad Hocand SensorNetworksPr
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18. Chaos in Automatic Control, edi
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CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group6000
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Table of Contents1 Background on Ne
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3 Congestion Control in ATM Network
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5.4.2 Distributed Power Controller
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7.3 Adaptive and Distributed Fair S
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9.2.2 Overview.....................
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the number of connections in each l
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y Maheswaran Thiagarajan, and tirel
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2 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networ
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10 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netwo
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2BackgroundIn this chapter, we prov
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Background 51u(k)x n (k + 1)x n (k)
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Background 53with x( 0)being the in
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Background 55with tr(.) the matrix
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Background 57nGiven a function ft (
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Background 592.3.2 Lyapunov Stabili
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Background 61as well as Jagannathan
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Background 63The subsequent example
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Background 65Evaluating this along
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Background 67Now, select the feedba
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Background 69is SISL if and only if
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Background 71L 1 (x)L(x, t)L 0 (x)0
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Background 73for some R > 0 such th
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Background 75Evaluating the first d
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Background 77Section 2.4Problem 2.4
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4Admission Controller Design for Hi
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Admission Controller Design for Hig
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7Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wir
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Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wire
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8Optimized Energy and Delay-Based R
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Optimized Energy and Delay-Based Ro
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9Predictive Congestion Control for
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Predictive Congestion Control for W
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