Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

508 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor NetworksSelf-organizationsubnetwork protocol, 385–387, 386wireless sensor networks, 45Sensing application, 418Sensing neighbors, 363–364, 371Sensor data transmission, 341Sensor nodesblockage, 37failure, 37hardware, fair scheduling, 334, 334–335optimized energy-delay subnetworkrouting, 416, 416Service rates, 116SFQ, see Start-time fair queuing (SFQ)Shadowing, fading channels, 213Shakkotai, Yi and, studies, 431Shih studies, 38Signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), see alsoInterferenceactive link protection, 187admission control, 207admission delay, 212Bambos power control scheme, 182channel uncertainties, 235–236cochannel interference, 19constrained second-order power control,182distributed power control, 180–182, 214,346dropped links, 212error dynamics, 215–218, 218fading channels, 215–218, 218, 222, 223,225path loss, 187peer-to-peer networks, 193, 196–197power control implementation, 34protection, active links, 187radio channel uncertainties, 213scheme development, DPC, 214simulations, 348–349state-space-based controls design,183–184totally inadmissible new links, 203–204Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)abruptly changing channels, 293backoff interval selection, 441channel-state estimation, 261–262cochannel interference, 19decentralized adaptive power control,468–473distributed solution, 467fast updates, 293frequency interference, 464–465hardware, distributed power control,283–284heuristic rate adaptation, 260–261MAC protocol, 268maximum usable rate, 262minimum usable rate, 264network capacity, 21–22OEDSR/OEDR comparison, 410path loss effect, 290–291power update, 468–470protocol comparison, 259rate, power selection, 267rate adaptation, 254, 257reader design, 476selective backoff, 470–471simulations, 348slowly varying interference, 291, 292, 293slow updates, 293transmission cost, 271two-reader model, 466Simulations, see also Algorithmsadaptive ARMAX, 94–95adaptive estimator model, 164bottlenecks, 107–108, 108cross-traffic, 106–107, 106–107discrete-time system, 53distributed power control, 250–253,251–253energy-aware MAC protocol, 348–353extended topology, 107–108, 108, 134–135,134–135fading channels, 222–229fairness, 106–107, 135–137feedback delays, 105, 105–106hybrid congestion control, 163–171mobile ad hoc networks, 32–35MPEG sources, 99–105, 165multiple bottlenecks, 107–108, 108multiple MPEG sources, 99–105multiple ON/OFF sources, 95, 95, 97–99,97–100, 165multiple sources simulation, 128, 130–133,131–133network model, 93–94, 164–165network topology, 123neural network model, 92–93, 93NEW-Reno TCP methodology, 123–124one-hop topology, 276, 276–277one-layer neural network, 94–95outgoing flow variation, 456–457, 457–458parameters, 250–253, 251–253performance, 93–94, 105, 105–106, 124–125predictive congestion control, 449–458