Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks 333networks provide observability in a cost-effective and deployable platform.Research into WSNs has shown the ability to provide dynamicrouting (Ratnaraj et al. 2006), intelligent processing of data, and observabilityin harsh environments. Because bandwidth is a major constraintin WSNs, one key factor in guaranteeing the QoS is to manage radioresources effectively and fairly. The focus of this work is to address challengesin, and present, a hardware implementation of a fair schedulingnetwork protocol (Regatte and Jagannathan 2004) on a WSN test bed.Applications for work presented here are based on industrial needs fordistributed sensing. Consider the case of distributed sensing of air pressureand volumetric air flow in compressed air systems used for tooling.In this case, sensed parameters must be communicated back to a basestation (BS) without aggregation or sensor fusion to provide observabilityfor each parameter. Thus, fair scheduling of sensor flows is needed toprovide equal observability to all priority measurands. Moreover, nonaggregateddata are required to allow analysis of the independent sensors.Work presented in this section from Fonda et al. (2006) focuses onimplementation of the ADFS scheduling protocol. The ADFS protocol wasinitially developed at University of Missouri–Rolla (UMR) for ad hocwireless networks. In this chapter, the protocol is ported to WSN andimplemented on a hardware platform developed at UMR. Hardwareimplementation is based on a platform developed at the UMR. Hardwaretestingresults are shown to provide a comparison of the performance ofthe ADFS scheme. Hardware implementation provides comparison of theADFS in a single hardware cluster. Intercluster scheduling provides usefulbandwidth allocation to allow the cluster head (CH) to route the sensorinformation through the rest of the network using the optimal energydelay subnetwork routing (OEDSR) (Ratnaraj et al. 2006).In this section, an overview of the hardware implementation of theADFS scheduling protocol is given. Use of customized hardware fordevelopment of sensing, processing, and networking is also presented.A description of capabilities, limitations, and support for networkingapplications is next presented. Also in this section, an overview of thesoftware architecture is given with respect to the ADFS protocol and itsrequirements on the hardware.7.5.1 UMR Mote DescriptionHardware for implementation of the ADFS was selected to be energyconservative, performance oriented, and of small form-factor. Use of SiliconLaboratories ® 8051 variant hardware was selected for its ability toprovide fast 8-bit processing, low power consumption, and ease of interfacingto peripheral hardware components. A Maxstream XBee RF modulewas also employed for this work. The use of external RAM (XRAM),
334 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor NetworksUART interfacing, and A/D sensing allow the microcontroller to performthe tasks needed for a sensor node platform. Next, a treatment of thehardware capabilities and limitations will be given.Hardware implementation of any algorithm is constrained by the limitationsof the hardware. Use of specific hardware must be weighedagainst the precision, speed, and criticality of an algorithm’s implementation.For this protocol, low power consumption was given the highestpriority. In turn, the demand for low power limits the types of processorarchitectures that can be deployed. The selection of the Silicon Laboratories8051 variants was based on these criteria. Limitations for the implementationthat are incurred through the use of the 8051 variant family area small memory space and a maximum processing speed. In the nextsection, a description of the specifications for the hardware implementednodes will be given.This section outlines the hardware and software components of theADFS implementation. A presentation of hardware capabilities is given.The software implementation is also discussed. Software architecture,control-flow, and hardware implications are shown. In this section, thesystem architecture of the nodes is discussed.7.5.2 Sensor Node HardwareThe generation-4 smart sensor node (G4-SSN), seen in Figure 7.17, wasoriginally developed at UMR and subsequently updated at St. Louis University(SLU). The G4-SSN has various abilities for sensing and processing.FIGURE 7.17G4-SSN.
Page 2 and 3:
Wireless Ad Hocand SensorNetworksPr
Page 4:
18. Chaos in Automatic Control, edi
Page 7 and 8:
CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group6000
Page 10 and 11:
Table of Contents1 Background on Ne
Page 12 and 13:
3 Congestion Control in ATM Network
Page 14 and 15:
5.4.2 Distributed Power Controller
Page 16 and 17:
7.3 Adaptive and Distributed Fair S
Page 18:
9.2.2 Overview.....................
Page 21 and 22:
the number of connections in each l
Page 23 and 24:
y Maheswaran Thiagarajan, and tirel
Page 25 and 26:
2 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networ
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
10 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netwo
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 72 and 73:
2BackgroundIn this chapter, we prov
Page 74 and 75:
Background 51u(k)x n (k + 1)x n (k)
Page 76 and 77:
Background 53with x( 0)being the in
Page 78 and 79:
Background 55with tr(.) the matrix
Page 80 and 81:
Background 57nGiven a function ft (
Page 82 and 83:
Background 592.3.2 Lyapunov Stabili
Page 84 and 85:
Background 61as well as Jagannathan
Page 86 and 87:
Background 63The subsequent example
Page 88 and 89:
Background 65Evaluating this along
Page 90 and 91:
Background 67Now, select the feedba
Page 92 and 93:
Background 69is SISL if and only if
Page 94 and 95:
Background 71L 1 (x)L(x, t)L 0 (x)0
Page 96 and 97:
Background 73for some R > 0 such th
Page 98 and 99:
Background 75Evaluating the first d
Page 100:
Background 77Section 2.4Problem 2.4
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
100 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netw
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 170 and 171:
4Admission Controller Design for Hi
Page 172 and 173:
Admission Controller Design for Hig
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306: 282 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netw
Page 326 and 327: 7Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wir
Page 328 and 329: Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wire
Page 380 and 381: 8Optimized Energy and Delay-Based R
Page 382 and 383: Optimized Energy and Delay-Based Ro
Page 406 and 407:
Optimized Energy and Delay-Based Ro
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
Page 444 and 445:
Page 446 and 447:
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
Page 452 and 453:
9Predictive Congestion Control for
Page 454 and 455:
Predictive Congestion Control for W
Page 456 and 457:
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
Page 480 and 481:
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
10Adaptive and Probabilistic Power
Page 486 and 487:
Adaptive and Probabilistic Power Co
Page 488 and 489:
Page 490 and 491:
Page 492 and 493:
Page 494 and 495:
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
Page 508:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
Page 517 and 518:
Page 519 and 520:
Page 521 and 522:
Page 523 and 524:
Page 525 and 526:
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
Page 537:
show all

Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?