Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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Predictive Congestion Control for Wireless Sensor Networks 453120100Drop rate at the relay node for flow 1802.11Rate-basedDrop rate (Kbps)8060402000 5 10 15 20Time25 30 35 40FIGURE 9.7Drop rate at the relay node.0.50.4Rate-basedDPCWeight ∗ delay0.30.20.101 2 3 4 5Flow IDFIGURE 9.8Weighted delay with equal flow weights (const = 0.2).
454 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks0.50.4Rate-basedDPCWeight ∗ delay0.30.20.101 2 3 4 5Flow IDFIGURE 9.9Weighted delay with varying flow weights.plot should have equal values for all flows because the delay will beinversely proportional to the QoS parameter. The flows with higherweight value will have lower delay, and vice versa. Figure 9.8 showssimulation results for the case with equal flow weights. The proposedprotocol is fair for all flows, because it schedules packets and adjustsfeedback information using corresponding weights. Moreover, the endto-enddelays are smaller for the proposed protocol when compared tothe DPC protocol, because the congestion is mitigated and the packets aretransmitted without unnecessary delays. When the flow weights are varied,as in Figure 9.9, the DPC protocol becomes unfair because it does notdifferentiate between flows. By contrast, the proposed protocol maintainsfairness, because it can provide different service rates according to theflow weights. In general, the results for end-to-end delay are consistentwith the earlier throughput results.Example 9.4.2: Unbalanced Tree TopologyThe unbalanced tree topology consists of one flow (#1) being located closerto the destination and four flows (#2 to #5) located farther away from thedestination. Consequently, without adaptive weights, the first flow isfavored at the expense of the other four flows. In Figure 9.10, the throughput/weight(normalized weights) ratio for each flow is depicted. Theproposed protocol without weight adaptation performs better than the
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Wireless Ad Hocand SensorNetworksPr
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18. Chaos in Automatic Control, edi
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CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group6000
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Table of Contents1 Background on Ne
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3 Congestion Control in ATM Network
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5.4.2 Distributed Power Controller
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7.3 Adaptive and Distributed Fair S
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9.2.2 Overview.....................
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the number of connections in each l
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y Maheswaran Thiagarajan, and tirel
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2 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networ
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10 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netwo
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2BackgroundIn this chapter, we prov
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Background 51u(k)x n (k + 1)x n (k)
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Background 53with x( 0)being the in
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Background 55with tr(.) the matrix
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Background 57nGiven a function ft (
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Background 592.3.2 Lyapunov Stabili
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Background 61as well as Jagannathan
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Background 63The subsequent example
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Background 65Evaluating this along
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Background 67Now, select the feedba
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Background 69is SISL if and only if
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Background 71L 1 (x)L(x, t)L 0 (x)0
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Background 73for some R > 0 such th
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Background 75Evaluating the first d
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Background 77Section 2.4Problem 2.4
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100 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netw
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4Admission Controller Design for Hi
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Admission Controller Design for Hig
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7Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wir
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Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wire
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8Optimized Energy and Delay-Based R
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Optimized Energy and Delay-Based Ro
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Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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