Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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Background on Networking 153G W-CDMA (UMTS): Universal mobile telecommunications systems(UMTS) is a visionary air interface standard that was developedby European Telecommunications Standards Institute(ETSI). UMTS was designed to provide a high-capacity upgradepath for GSM. Several other competing wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) proposals agreed to merge into a single W-CDMA standard.The resulting W-CDMA standard is now called UMTS.UMTS: UMTS assures backward compatibility with the second generationGSM, IS-136 technologies. The 3G W-CDMA air interfacestandard had been designed for “always-on” packet-basedwireless service. It supports packet data rates up to 2.048 Mbpsper user. Future versions of W-CDMA will support stationaryuser data rates in excess of 8 Mbps.3G CDMA2000: The cdma2000 vision is to provide a seamless andevolutionary high data-rate upgrade path for current users of2G and 2.5G CDMA technology, using a building block approachthat centers on the original 2G CDMA channel bandwidthof 1.25 MHz per radio channel. The cdma2000 standardis being developed under the auspices of working group 45of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) of theU.S. Cdma2000 1X supports an instantaneous data rate of upto 307 kbps for a user in packet mode, and yields typicalthroughput rates of up to 144 kbps per user, depending on thenumber of users, the velocity of a user, and the propagationconditions.3G TD-SCDMA: The China Academy of Telecommunications Technology(CATT) and Siemens Corporation jointly submitted anIMT-2000 3G standard proposal in 1998, based on time divisionsynchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA). Thisproposal was accepted by ITU as one of the 3G options in 1999.TD-SCDMA relies on the existing core GSM infrastructure. Itcombines TDMA and TDD techniques to provide a data-onlyoverlay in an existing GSM network. Up to 384 kbps of packetdata is provided to data users in TD-SCDMA.Fourth-generation (4G) cellular networks: Broadband applications infuture wireless networks may require data rates that are manytimes the maximum data rate as promised for UMTS. Broadbandservices like wireless high-quality videoconferencing (up to100 Mbps) or wireless virtual reality (up to 500 Mbps, whenallowing free body movements) are envisioned. The goal of thenext generation of wireless systems — the 4G — is to providedata rates yet higher than the ones of 3G while granting the samedegree of user mobility.
16 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor NetworksTABLE 1.2Summary of Cellular StandardsEDGE GERAN W-CDMA TD-CDMAUMTSTD-CDMA HSDPA 1 × RTTCDMA20001 × EV-DO 1 × EV-DVCarrier bandwidth [MHz] 0.2 5 1.6 According to base 1.252 × 5 1 × 5 1 × 1.6 technology 2 × 1.25Minimum spectrumrequired [MHz]2 × 2.4(due to BCCH for 4/12)Multiple access principle Time and frequency code code and time code UL: codeDL: code and timeChip rate [Mcps] Not applicable 3.84 1.28 1.2288Modulation GMSK, 8-PSK QPSK QPSK, 8-PSK QPSK, 16QAM BPSK, QPSK BPSK, QPSK, B-PSK,16QAMPeak user data rate [kbps] a 473 384 [2048 b ] 2048 2048 10000 c 307 [625 d ] 2400 3100System asymmetry(UL:DL)1:1 1:1 2:13–14:1 1:6–6:1 1:1–5:1 1:1 1:1–4:1QoS classes 3 and 4 1 … 4 None 3 classes of serviceonlyTransport network PCM (CS),FR (PO)PCM, FR,ATMATM for both CS and PO service domains Sonet for CS domain, IP-network(PPP and SDLC) for PO domainMobility support MAP IS-41, IP protocols for dataaAccording to presently defined framing, coding and modulation schemes and assuming ideal radio conditions.bFor pico cells.cPresent assumptions.dSecond phase.Source: Reprinted with permission from Siemens preprint.
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Background 65Evaluating this along
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Background 67Now, select the feedba
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Background 73for some R > 0 such th
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Background 75Evaluating the first d
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Background 77Section 2.4Problem 2.4
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7Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wir
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Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wire
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9Predictive Congestion Control for
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10Adaptive and Probabilistic Power
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Adaptive and Probabilistic Power Co
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Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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