Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

402 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor NetworksEnergy ∗ delay vs network size0.20.15aodvdsrbelloedsrEnergy ∗ delay (mWhr-s)0.10.050−0.05−0.1−0.1550 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130Number of nodes140 150FIGURE 8.31Energy times average end-to-end delay with network size (magnified).Bellman Ford consumes high quantities of energy while transmittinginformation from the CHs to the BS. By contrast, from Figure 8.31, OEDSRhas the lowest product. OEDSR performs better than the other routingprotocols as it takes into account a route that has maximum energy availableand minimum E2E delay while minimizing the number of RNs toeffectively route data from the CHs to the BS.Example 8.9.2: Mobile Base StationFor the networks used in Scenario 1, simulations were run again for a mobileBS. The simulation was run for networks with 40, 50, 70, 100, and 150 nodesrandomly distributed in an area of size 2000 × 2000 m. Parameters that wereused for this simulation include a packet size of 256 B, a simulation time ofone hour, and a two-ray ground propagation model with a path-loss exponentof 4.0. In addition, the transmission powers of all active nodes weretaken as 25 dBm, whereas for the sleep nodes it was set to 5 dBm.Figure 8.32 and Figure 8.33 depict how the RNs were selected evenwhen the BS was in motion. It can be observed that OEDSR adapts to thechanging BS position by identifying an efficient route to the BS, irrespectiveof its position.