Precipitation-Runoff and Streamflow-Routing Models for the ...

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Table 2. Stream-gaging stations used to collect data for input to precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing modelsof the Willamette River Basin, Oregon[Map numbers refer to figure 3; o , degrees;’, minutes; ”, seconds]___________________________________________________________________________StationStation locationMap number Station name number 1 (Latitude – Longitude)___________________________________________________________________________101 Middle Fork Willamette River at Jasper 14152000 43 o 59’55” – 122 o 54’20”102 Coast Fork Willamette River near Goshen 14157500 43 o 58’50” – 122 o 57’55”103 Lookout Creek near Blue River 14161500 44 o 12’35” – 122 o 15’20”104 McKenzie River near Vida 14162500 44 o 07’30” – 122 28’10”105 Gate Creek at Vida 14163000 44 o 08’45” – 122 o 34’15”106 Mohawk River near Springfield 14165000 44 o 05’34” – 122 o 57’20”107 McKenzie River near Coburg 14165500 44 o 06’45” – 123 o 02’51”108 Willamette River at Harrisburg 14166000 44 o 16’14” – 123 o 10’21”109 Long Tom River at Monroe 14170000 44 o 18’50” – 123 o 17’45”110 Marys River near Philomath 14171000 44 o 31’35” – 123 o 20’00”111 Willamette River at Albany 14174000 44 o 38’20” – 123 o 06’20”112 North Santiam River at Mehama 14183000 44 o 47’20” – 122 o 37’00”113 South Santiam River at Waterloo 14187500 44 o 29’55” – 122 o 49’20”114 Thomas Creek near Scio 14188800 44 o 42’42” – 122 o 45’55”115 Santiam River at Jefferson 14189000 44 o 42’55” – 123 o 00’40”116 Rickreall Creek near Dallas 14190700 44 o 54’55” – 123 o 23’02”117 Willamette River at Salem 14191000 44 o 56’40” – 123 o 02’30”118 South Yamhill River at Whiteson 14194000 45 o 10’08” – 123 o 12’25”119 Willamette River at Wilsonville 14198000 45 o 17’57” – 122 o 45’ 00”120 Molalla River above Pine Creek nr Wilhoit 14198500 45 o 00’35” – 122 o 28’45”121 Molalla River near Canby 14200000 45 o 14’40” – 122 o 41’10”122 Silver Creek at Silverton 14200300 45 o 00’34” – 122 o 47’15”123 Butte Creek at Monitor 14201500 45 o 06’06” – 122 o 44’42”124 Tualatin River near Dilley 14203500 45 o 28’30” – 123 o 07’23”125 Gales Creek near Forest Grove 14204500 45 o 33’20” – 123 o 11’10”126 Tualatin River at West Linn 14207500 45 o 21’03” – 122 o 40’30”127 Clackamas River at Big Bottom 14208000 45 o 01’00” – 121 o 55’10”128 Clackamas River at Estacada 14210000 45 o 18’00” – 122 o 21’10”129 Clackamas River near Clackamas 14211000 45 o 23’36” – 122 o 31’54”130 Johnson Creek at Sycamore 14211500 45 o 28’40” – 122 o 30’24”131 Johnson Creek at Milwaukie 14211550 45 o 27’11” – 122 o 38’31”___________________________________________________________________________1 U.S. Geological Survey stream-gaging-station number.their corresponding codes in the GIS are defined intable 3.Precipitation—The precipitation data layer containedcontour lines of annual precipitation. The mapshowing mean annual precipitation (fig. 4) was derivedby Taylor (1993) from grid cell output of the Precipitationelevation Regressions on Independent SlopesModel (PRISM) (Daly and Neilson, 1994). PRISM isan analytical model that distributes point measurementsof monthly or annual average precipitation toregularly spaced grid cells by using precipitation-elevationregression functions. The model is well suitedfor regions with mountainous terrain dominated byorographic precipitation patterns. PRISM operates byfirst estimating the orographic elevation of each precipitationstation by using a Digital Elevation Model(DEM) (U.S. Geological Survey, 1990) at 5-minutelatitude/longitude grid-cell spacing. The “orographicelevation” is an adjustment of the station’s actual elevationbased on the weighted elevation of cells surroundingthe cell containing the weather station. Inaddition, all cells are assigned a topographic facetbased on their slope orientation (either north, south,east, or west). The annual average precipitation valueis then computed for each cell by using a precipitation/DEM-elevation regression function that is constructeduniquely for that cell. The nearby rainfall stations usedin the regression function are selected if they have thesame slope orientation facet and fall within a userdefined,designated radius distance of the cell. A postprocessorprogram was used to draw lines of equalannual average precipitation at 5-inch intervals from12
Table 3. Basin spatial-coverage categories and correspondingdata-layer codes used to create hydrologicresponse units in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon[Each code represents a specific polygon type createdby merging the four different categories. # denotes a codenumber from one of the other categories; >, greater than]___________________________________________________Category Code Description___________________________________________________Land use 1### Forest2### Agriculture3### Urban4### Wetlands41## Lakes and reservoirs42## Rivers and canals5### RangelandSlope and aspect #0## 0 to 5 percent, aspectassigned to basin#3## 5 to 30 percent, aspectassigned to basin#6## > 30 percent, 0 degreesaspect#7## > 30 percent, 90degrees aspect#8## > 30 percent, 180degrees aspect#9## > 30 percent, 270degrees aspectGeology 1 ##0# Tertiary-Quaternarysedimentary deposits (I)##1# Tertiary rocks of theCoast Range (V)##3# Tertiary-Quaternaryvolcanic rocks of theHigh Cascade Range (II)##6# Columbia River BasaltGroup (IV)##9# Tertiary volcanic rocksof the Western CascadeRange (III)Soils 2 ###1 Group A###2 Group B###3 Groups B and C###4 Group C###5 Groups C and D###6 Group D___________________________________________________1 Definitions of these geologic assemblages are providedin table 4.2 Definitions of these soils groups are provided in table 5.the grid cell data. Annual average precipitation valueswere later determined for individual HRU’s and wereused in computing rainfall adjustment weights for theinput precipitation record in the PRMS model.Basin and subbasin—The Willamette RiverBasin data layer was partitioned into 21 major basinsfor this study (fig. 5). These include major tributarybasins to the main stem and intervening main-stemdrainages outside the major tributary boundaries. (TheSandy River Basin is included on the map even thoughit is not part of the Willamette River Basin, because itis part of the Willamette Basin NAWQA study.) Eachmajor basin was further partitioned into subbasins,which are selected at points where tributary confluencesoccur or where stream-gaging stations exist orhave previously existed. A total of 253 subbasins weredelineated for the Willamette River Basin (excludingthe Sandy River Basin). Ten subbasins were used forcalibrating PRMS. Both major and subbasin data layerswere created by digitizing watershed delineationsdrawn on USGS 1:24,000-scale quadrangle maps.Land use—The land-use data layer (scale1:250,000, level I and II) used in the study wasacquired from the USGS National Mapping Division(NMD) (Fegeas and others, 1983) as part of a largenational land-use data-base coverage; therefore, landuseclassifications for the Willamette River Basin arenot specific. For different categories of agriculturallands, for example, the distinctions between irrigatedand nonirrigated croplands are not indicated; similarly,croplands are not classified separately from orchards.Land-use classes included in the basin data layer usedin this study were Forest, Agriculture, Urban, Wetland,Lakes and Reservoirs, Canals and Streams, andRangeland (table 3). Forest, Agriculture, and Urbanareas were the dominant classes throughout the basin.All forest land was considered to be predominantlyconifer, because there are no large stands of deciduousforest. Figure 6 shows land-use classifications for theMolalla River Basin.Slope and aspect—A slope data layer for theentire river basin was created from elevation data containedin a 1:250,000 scale DEM (U.S. GeologicalSurvey, 1990). The DEM data were used to create apolygon data layer of slope containing three slopeclasses: 0 to 5 percent, 5 to 30 percent, and greaterthan 30 percent. For slopes greater than 30 percent,polygons were created to represent the four aspects ofnorth, east, south, and west. For slopes less than 30percent, statistical programs within the GIS computeda dominant aspect for each HRU. Statistical programswithin the GIS also computed average elevation foreach HRU. Figure 6 shows the slope and aspect classificationsfor the Molalla River Basin.Geology—The surficial geology data layer wasdigitized from a 1:500,000-scale USGS aquifer-units13
Page 1: Precipitation-Runoff and Streamflow
Page 4 and 5: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORBRUC
Page 6 and 7: Determining Travel Time and Dilutio
Page 8 and 9: 2. Stream-gaging stations used to c
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Page 12 and 13: network-routing models where availa
Page 14 and 15: made on the main stem at base-flow
Page 16 and 17: Figure 1. Willamette River Basin, O
Page 18 and 19: EvapotranspirationINPUTSAirtemperat
Page 20 and 21: Table 1. Climate stations used to c
Page 24 and 25: Figure 4. Mean annual precipitation
Page 26 and 27: Major Land Use MapHydrologic Soil G
Page 28 and 29: 0.5 mi 2 , created in the merge of
Page 30 and 31: Table 6. Geology and soils matrix o
Page 32 and 33: tion value of the HRU class by the
Page 34 and 35: Table 8. Selected monthly basinwide
Page 36 and 37: Figure 9. Location of Precipitation
Page 38 and 39: Table 11. Statistical analyses of P
Page 40 and 41: flow can become a significant compo
Page 42 and 43: diffusion at selected grid interval
Page 44 and 45: samples were collected at various d
Page 46 and 47: 3,0002,500June 21-30, 1993September
Page 48 and 49: stream network is shown on figure 1
Page 50 and 51: 122˚30´ 15´122˚00´121˚45´Roc
Page 52 and 53: 123˚22´30´´ 123˚15´ 123˚00´
Page 54 and 55: 123˚00´´ 45´30´122˚15´45˚15
Page 56 and 57: YamhillRiver123˚45´ 30´ 15´123
Page 58 and 59: 123˚07´30´´ 123˚00´ 45´ 30´
Page 60 and 61: 123˚07´30´´ 123˚00´ 45´ 30´
Page 62 and 63: 44˚15´14166000122˚07´30´´Will
Page 64 and 65: 122˚15´ 122˚00´121˚52´30´´4
Page 66 and 67: 44˚52´30´´45´122˚15´ 122˚00
Page 68 and 69: observed flow at the Willamette Riv
Page 70 and 71: DAFLOW model, and peak amplitude is
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20DYE CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS
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ARC-INFO and Geographic Information
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WILL.WDMData-base file(Observed pre
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WILL.WDMData-base fileSWSTATSFreque
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Jobson, H.E., 1980, Comment on A ne
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APPENDIX 1. STREAM GEOMETRY FOR MAI
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APPENDIX 2. ARC MACRO LANGUAGE (AML
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APPENDIX 3. DEFINITIONS OF PARAMETE
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APPENDIX 3. DEFINITIONS OF PARAMETE
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APPENDIX 4. MEASUREMENTS USED TO DE
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APPENDIX 5. EXAMPLE PRECIPITATION-R
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APPENDIX 5. EXAMPLE PRECIPITATION-R
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APPENDIX 6. DIFFUSION ANALOGY FLOW
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APPENDIX 7. PROGRAMMING STEPS TO IN
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APPENDIX 8. PROGRAMMING STEPS TO DE
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150Climatemaxtempmintempprecipitati
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APPENDIX 10. DIRECTORY TREE AND DES
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APPENDIX 11. DIRECTORY TREES AND DE
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APPENDIX 11. DIRECTORY TREES AND DE
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APPENDIX 12. DIRECTORY FOR will.wdm
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APPENDIX 13. PROGRAMMING STEPS FOR
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APPENDIX 14. INPUT FILES FOR BRANCH
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