Precipitation-Runoff and Streamflow-Routing Models for the ...

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ARC-INFO and Geographic InformationSystem FilesFor a user-specified basin, several data layersand associated attributes are used to delineate anddefine discrete HRU’s. (For this study, data layers ofland use, slope and aspect, geology, and soils weremerged by using ARC-INFO programs [fig. 43] intoan HRU data layer.) In turn, codes attached to the individualHRU polygons are related to tables of PRMSparameter values (tables 6 and 7) by using an AMLprogram (Appendix 2). Characteristics such as averageannual precipitation, average elevation, and dominantaspect are determined for each HRU as required inputto PRMS. A postprocessing program (G1MAKER)merges the files created by the AML program. Minorediting is subsequently required to add rain, temperature,and streamflow locations, rain adjustments, lapserate tables, and input and output file designations.A directory and data dictionary for GIS files arepresented in Appendix 12. Execution of the AML programcan be done in the directory where the AMLresides. For the AML simulation, only subbasinslisted in the data dictionary in Appendix 12 can beused. The AML program will create three output flatfiles after it has been executed. The three files containthe 36- through 38-line HRU inputs needed in thePRMS parameter file. The three files must be reformattedby the HRU input formatting program. Tocreate a new PRMS parameter file, the user mustmanually assemble the necessary non-HRU and HRUinputs by using a file editor. Input formatting informationfor the PRMS parameter files is provided in thePRMS manual (Leavesley and others, 1983). Modificationsto PRMS made for this study are presented inAppendix 8.Delineation of HRU’s and definition ofassociated PRMS model parameters is done infrequently;however, these tasks occasionally may beredone for specific subbasins in order to considerparameter requirements in future water-quality modeling.For example, if agricultural runoff is to be studiedin a specific subbasin, the land-use data layer mayhave to be expanded to include different crop types;HRU’s would have to be redefined, and the relationaltables would need to be modified to redefine old andinclude new PRMS parameter values. Individualbasins can be modified and modeled independentlyand need not involve other Willamette River subbasinsor their calibration.GISGeographic InformationSystem coveragesLand-usecoveragePRMS/coveragerelational tablesSoilscoverageGeologycoverageTopographycoveragePrecipitationcoverageHydrologicResponse Units(HRU) coverageAMLArcMacroLanguageProgramHRUcardformattingprogramHRU cardsUser entersnon-HRUcardsbasin.g1PRMSparameterfileUser selectsbasin forprocessingPRMSPrecipitation-RunoffModelingSystemFigure 43. Programs and files used to interface geographic information system (GIS) coverages with thePrecipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). (A circle denotes a computer program, and a rectangledenotes a computer file. See Glossary for program descriptions.)64
ANNIE and Water Data Management FilesANNIE is an interactive Fortran program usedfor data management of the WDM file. ANNIE canlist the time-series data contained in each Data SetNumber (DSN) to both the screen and to ASCII files(which can be sent to the printer or used for furtheranalyses). ANNIE can also create on-screen and postscript-filegraphs of time-series data. Complete informationabout the ANNIE program is provided byLumb and others (1989).A WDM file titled WILL.WDM is used as a centraldata base for storing all observed and simulatedtime-series data used by the PRMS and DAFLOWprograms. Time-series data for any station is identifiedby its DSN. Complete information about WDM files isprovided by Lumb and others (1989). The programIOWDM is used to create new WDM files from variousinput formats; for example, WATSTORE or flat(ASCII) files. The user will not need to use this program,however, if the WILL.WDM file is used in futuresimulations. WDM files can contain up to 32,000 separatetime-series data sets. Appendix 13 is the directoryfor the WILL.WDM file. A program calledFLTWDM is used to enter new time-series data intonew DSN’s and also update existing DSN’s with additionaldata. A diagram illustrating the operation ofFLTWDM is shown in figure 44. The necessary stepsPrecipitation and temperature dataflat files from National Weather Serviceand Oregon State Universityused to enter additional data into the WDM file aredescribed in Appendix 7.SWSTAT (Lumb and others, 1989) is a interactiveprogram used for computing surface-water statistics.These statistics include flow-duration tables andcurves, annual series of n-day high or low flows,frequency analysis, and minimum, maximum, mean,and standard deviation of a time series can be computed.SWSTAT can retrieve time-series data directlyfrom the WDM file. Statistical output and graphs fromSWSTAT can be viewed on screen or directed to computeroutput files.Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System andDiffusion Analogy Flow Model and FilesSimulation of each network application can beexecuted by using a computer-command script program.The program executes both PRMS andDAFLOW in a sequential order. A script program islocated in each network subdirectory. The names ofprograms are an abbreviation of their correspondingnetwork name.The PRMS program also can be executed byusing a manager file, which tells the program the specificnames of parameter, data, and output files usedfor the simulation (fig. 45). The time-series data file isalways WILL.WDM. The parameter file, identified asbasinname.g1, contains the starting and ending timesFlow data flat files fromU.S. Geological SurveyFLTWDMFLTWDM.INPInput file providingData Set Number(DSN) parametersfor data entryWILL.WDMData base fileFigure 44. Program and files used to update the Water Data Management (WDM) data-base file.(A circle denotes a computer program, and a rectangle denotes a computer file. See Glossary forprogram descriptions.)65
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Precipitation-Runoff and Streamflow
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORBRUC
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Determining Travel Time and Dilutio
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2. Stream-gaging stations used to c
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network-routing models where availa
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made on the main stem at base-flow
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Figure 1. Willamette River Basin, O
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EvapotranspirationINPUTSAirtemperat
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Table 1. Climate stations used to c
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Table 2. Stream-gaging stations use
Page 24 and 25: Figure 4. Mean annual precipitation
Page 26 and 27: Major Land Use MapHydrologic Soil G
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Page 30 and 31: Table 6. Geology and soils matrix o
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Page 34 and 35: Table 8. Selected monthly basinwide
Page 36 and 37: Figure 9. Location of Precipitation
Page 38 and 39: Table 11. Statistical analyses of P
Page 40 and 41: flow can become a significant compo
Page 42 and 43: diffusion at selected grid interval
Page 44 and 45: samples were collected at various d
Page 46 and 47: 3,0002,500June 21-30, 1993September
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Page 52 and 53: 123˚22´30´´ 123˚15´ 123˚00´
Page 54 and 55: 123˚00´´ 45´30´122˚15´45˚15
Page 56 and 57: YamhillRiver123˚45´ 30´ 15´123
Page 58 and 59: 123˚07´30´´ 123˚00´ 45´ 30´
Page 60 and 61: 123˚07´30´´ 123˚00´ 45´ 30´
Page 62 and 63: 44˚15´14166000122˚07´30´´Will
Page 64 and 65: 122˚15´ 122˚00´121˚52´30´´4
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Page 68 and 69: observed flow at the Willamette Riv
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Page 72 and 73: 20DYE CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS
Page 76 and 77: WILL.WDMData-base file(Observed pre
Page 78 and 79: WILL.WDMData-base fileSWSTATSFreque
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Page 84 and 85: APPENDIX 1. STREAM GEOMETRY FOR MAI
Page 110 and 111: APPENDIX 2. ARC MACRO LANGUAGE (AML
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APPENDIX 3. DEFINITIONS OF PARAMETE
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APPENDIX 4. MEASUREMENTS USED TO DE
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APPENDIX 5. EXAMPLE PRECIPITATION-R
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APPENDIX 5. EXAMPLE PRECIPITATION-R
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APPENDIX 6. DIFFUSION ANALOGY FLOW
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APPENDIX 7. PROGRAMMING STEPS TO IN
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APPENDIX 8. PROGRAMMING STEPS TO DE
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150Climatemaxtempmintempprecipitati
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APPENDIX 10. DIRECTORY TREE AND DES
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APPENDIX 11. DIRECTORY TREES AND DE
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APPENDIX 11. DIRECTORY TREES AND DE
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APPENDIX 12. DIRECTORY FOR will.wdm
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APPENDIX 13. PROGRAMMING STEPS FOR
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APPENDIX 14. INPUT FILES FOR BRANCH
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