Precipitation-Runoff and Streamflow-Routing Models for the ...

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DAFLOW model, and peak amplitude is matched byadjustment of the DQQ parameter (dispersion coefficient)in the BLTM model. Appendix 14 contains theBLTM.IN input files used in calibration. The matchingof simulated and observed dye peaks provided anopportunity to adjust the A 0 values that were morecrudely calibrated in the DAFLOW model.Calibration ResultsFor the three simulations, the observed and simulateddata matched well (figs. 37–39). As the dyepeaks progressed downstream, the simulated peakswere higher in amplitude and had less of a trailingedge than the observed peaks. This pattern was probablycaused by a continuous exchange between groundand surface waters (causing additional dilution) occurringalong the entire channel length, which is not simulatedin the model. The streambed of the PuddingRiver is generally composed of fine material for mostof its length, and there should be a relatively smallexchange of water between ground and surface waters.Other streams in the Willamette River Basin have ahigh rate of exchange between the ground and surfacewaters, as discussed in the section “Gain-Loss Investigations.”Examining the differences between theobserved and simulated dye curves may give valuableinsight to this flow exchange and may help in determiningassociated exchange rates.Dye-concentration data also were generated byusing flows simulated from rainfall that occurred inthe basin in order to evaluate the associated error. Precipitation-runoffsimulations were not used for calibrationpurposes because they predicted flow about 20percent lower than what was observed for the periodof study. These precipitation-runoff simulationsresulted in an approximately 12-percent longer time oftravel (fig. 40). The -20-percent error in flow predictionis within the +36-percent mean absolute error ofthe runoff model (table 11).Determining Travel Time and Dilutionof a Hypothetical SpillFor the Pudding River, the DAFLOW andBLTM models can be used to determine travel timeand dispersion of a contaminant spill for any magnitudeof stream discharge. The same dye-concentrationhydrograph was simulated for selected discharges and14Input boundary at RM 45.5DYE CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER1210864Simulated at RM 40.7Simulated at RM 35.8Simulated at RM 31.5Observed at RM 40.7Observed at RM 35.8Observed at RM 31.52015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5560TIME, IN HOURS FROM 0:00 JULY 9, 1993Figure 37. Branch Lagrangian Transport model simulation of dye transport in the Pudding River, Oregon, from rivermile (RM) 45.5 to 31.5, July 9–11, 1993. (Observed values adjusted for dye loss from absorption by applying a dyerecovery ratio. (See Glossary for program description.)60
24DYE CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER22201816141210864Input boundary at RM 31.5Simulated at RM 27.0Simulated at RM 22.3Simulated at RM 17.6Observed at RM 27.0Observed at RM 22.3Observed at RM 17.62015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5560TIME, IN HOURS FROM 0:00 JULY 8, 1993Figure 38. Branch Lagrangian Transport model simulation of dye transport in the Pudding River, Oregon, from rivermile (RM) 31.5 to 17.6, July 8–9, 1993. (Observed values adjusted for dye loss from absorption by applying a dyerecovery ratio. See Glossary for program description.)20DYE CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER1816141210864Input boundary at RM 17.6Simulated at RM 14.2Simulated at RM 12.1Simulated at RM 8.1Simulated at RM 5.4Observed at RM 14.2Observed at RM 12.1Observed at RM 8.1Observed at RM 5.42015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5560TIME, IN HOURS FROM 0:00 JULY 7, 1993Figure 39. Branch Lagrangian Transport model simulation of dye transport in the Pudding River, Oregon, from rivermile (RM) 17.6 to 5.4, July 7–9, 1993. (Observed values adjusted for dye loss from absorption by applying a dyerecovery ratio. See Glossary for program description.)61
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Precipitation-Runoff and Streamflow
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORBRUC
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Determining Travel Time and Dilutio
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2. Stream-gaging stations used to c
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network-routing models where availa
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made on the main stem at base-flow
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Figure 1. Willamette River Basin, O
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EvapotranspirationINPUTSAirtemperat
Page 20 and 21: Table 1. Climate stations used to c
Page 22 and 23: Table 2. Stream-gaging stations use
Page 24 and 25: Figure 4. Mean annual precipitation
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Page 30 and 31: Table 6. Geology and soils matrix o
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Page 34 and 35: Table 8. Selected monthly basinwide
Page 36 and 37: Figure 9. Location of Precipitation
Page 38 and 39: Table 11. Statistical analyses of P
Page 40 and 41: flow can become a significant compo
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Page 44 and 45: samples were collected at various d
Page 46 and 47: 3,0002,500June 21-30, 1993September
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Page 52 and 53: 123˚22´30´´ 123˚15´ 123˚00´
Page 54 and 55: 123˚00´´ 45´30´122˚15´45˚15
Page 56 and 57: YamhillRiver123˚45´ 30´ 15´123
Page 58 and 59: 123˚07´30´´ 123˚00´ 45´ 30´
Page 60 and 61: 123˚07´30´´ 123˚00´ 45´ 30´
Page 62 and 63: 44˚15´14166000122˚07´30´´Will
Page 64 and 65: 122˚15´ 122˚00´121˚52´30´´4
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Page 68 and 69: observed flow at the Willamette Riv
Page 72 and 73: 20DYE CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS
Page 74 and 75: ARC-INFO and Geographic Information
Page 76 and 77: WILL.WDMData-base file(Observed pre
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Page 84 and 85: APPENDIX 1. STREAM GEOMETRY FOR MAI
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APPENDIX 2. ARC MACRO LANGUAGE (AML
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APPENDIX 3. DEFINITIONS OF PARAMETE
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APPENDIX 3. DEFINITIONS OF PARAMETE
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APPENDIX 4. MEASUREMENTS USED TO DE
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APPENDIX 5. EXAMPLE PRECIPITATION-R
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APPENDIX 5. EXAMPLE PRECIPITATION-R
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APPENDIX 6. DIFFUSION ANALOGY FLOW
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APPENDIX 7. PROGRAMMING STEPS TO IN
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APPENDIX 8. PROGRAMMING STEPS TO DE
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150Climatemaxtempmintempprecipitati
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APPENDIX 10. DIRECTORY TREE AND DES
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APPENDIX 11. DIRECTORY TREES AND DE
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APPENDIX 11. DIRECTORY TREES AND DE
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APPENDIX 12. DIRECTORY FOR will.wdm
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APPENDIX 13. PROGRAMMING STEPS FOR
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APPENDIX 14. INPUT FILES FOR BRANCH
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