Precipitation-Runoff and Streamflow-Routing Models for the ...

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WILL.WDMData-base file(Observed precipitation dataand observed minimum andmaximum temperature data)basin.g1PRMS parameter filefor daily time stepsimulationsPRMSPrecipitation-RunoffModelingSystemBasin simulationresults and statistics,printout fileWILL.WDMData-base filefor basin andsubbasin flowsFigure 45. Programs and files used in PRMS simulations. (A circle denotes a computer program,and a rectangle denotes a computer file. See Glossary for program descriptions.)of the simulation, the DSN’s of observed input dataand simulated output data, and HRU and non-HRUparameter values. The file also identifies which HRUsimulated flows are clustered together as an individualsubbasin flow. The combined flow from an HRUcluster (subbasin) is then directed to a specific DSN inthe WDM file. Only basinname.g1 is needed for dailytime-step simulations with PRMS. To simulate asmaller time step for the parameter input file, it is necessaryto use additional parameter files described inthe PRMS manual (Leavesley and others, 1983). ThePRMS simulation also creates an ASCII printout filethat contains a listing of all parameter values that wereused by the program, observed and simulated flows foreach time step, water-energy budget components, andstatistical results. Steps for using PRMS are providedin Appendix 11.Execution of the DAFLOW program automaticallycalls the parameter and control file, labeledFLOW.IN, and located in the same directory of themodel execution. The FLOW.IN file contains the startingdate and time of the simulation, number of timesteps in the simulation, time-step size in hours, WDMfile name, channel configuration, channel-geometryparameters for grid cross section, and location of allinflows and outflows and their corresponding DSN’s.A diagram of the files used in DAFLOW simulationsis shown in figure 46. Two ASCII output files are automaticallycreated after a DAFLOW simulation. TheBLTM.FLW file contains simulated flow, stage, andchannel cross-sectional area for every grid location forevery time step. This file is used as an input file to thesolute-transport model (fig. 47). The FLOW.OUT filecontains similar information in a more user-readableformat. Steps for using DAFLOW are provided inAppendix 9. Additional information about operation ofDAFLOW is provided in Jobson (1989).SCENARIO GENERATOR FilesThe SCENARIO GENERATOR is interactivecomputer software used to efficiently display timeseriesdata from the WDM file for presentation purposes.The main menu of the program provides theuser with a GIS on-screen map showing the location ofall the stations and their respective basins. The user canselect a station directly from the map and generatehydrographs and flow-duration graphs of time-seriesdata from that station for viewing on-screen or for storagein a postscript file (fig. 48). The specific set of stationsand DSN’s used in a SCENARIO GENERATORsession are determined by a control file, which can beedited by the user. The necessary steps to operate theSCENARIO GENERATOR and formatting for thecontrol file are provided in Appendix 13.Statistics PackageThe SWSTAT program is used to compute errorstatistics to aid the user in comparing observed andsimulated flow. A regression analysis computes a coefficientof determination, which is equivalent to R 2 .Error statistics used in the program are mostly identicalto those already provided in the PRMS program. Theuser need only use the SWSTAT program foranalyzing DAFLOW simulation results (fig. 48). Adescription of these statistics is provided on pages54–57 of the PRMS manual (Leavesley and others,66
BLTM.FLWFlat file used as inputfile to the solutetransportmodelWILL.WDMData-base file(Simulated subbasin inflows,from figure 48)DAFLOWDiffusionAnalogyFlow ModelWILL.WDMData-base filefor channel flowsFLOW.INParameter andcontrol file to definestream linkagesFLOW.OUTSimulation resultsand printout fileFigure 46. Program and files used for Diffusion Analogy Flow (DAFLOW) model simulatedoperations. (A circle denotes a computer program, and a rectangle denotes a computer file. SeeGlossary for program descriptions.)BLTM.FLWData fileBLTM.INParameter fileBLTMBranchedLagrangianTransportModelFINKFINK.INWater-qualitydecay parametersBLTM.OUTPrintout filePARCEL.OUTOBSObserved data fileCTPLTCXPLTplotplotFigure 47. Programs and files used in Branch Lagrangian Transport Model (BLTM) simulations.(A circle denotes a computer program, and a rectangle denotes a computer file. See Glossary forprogram descriptions.)67
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Precipitation-Runoff and Streamflow
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORBRUC
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Determining Travel Time and Dilutio
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2. Stream-gaging stations used to c
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network-routing models where availa
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made on the main stem at base-flow
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Figure 1. Willamette River Basin, O
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EvapotranspirationINPUTSAirtemperat
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Table 1. Climate stations used to c
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Table 2. Stream-gaging stations use
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Figure 4. Mean annual precipitation
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Page 84 and 85: APPENDIX 1. STREAM GEOMETRY FOR MAI
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APPENDIX 4. MEASUREMENTS USED TO DE
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APPENDIX 5. EXAMPLE PRECIPITATION-R
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APPENDIX 5. EXAMPLE PRECIPITATION-R
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APPENDIX 6. DIFFUSION ANALOGY FLOW
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APPENDIX 7. PROGRAMMING STEPS TO IN
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150Climatemaxtempmintempprecipitati
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APPENDIX 10. DIRECTORY TREE AND DES
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APPENDIX 11. DIRECTORY TREES AND DE
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APPENDIX 12. DIRECTORY FOR will.wdm
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APPENDIX 13. PROGRAMMING STEPS FOR
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APPENDIX 14. INPUT FILES FOR BRANCH
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