Precipitation-Runoff and Streamflow-Routing Models for the ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

20DYE CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER1816141210864Input boundary at RM 17.6Simulated at RM 14.2 from measured flowSimulated at RM 12.1 from measured flowSimulated at RM 8.1 from measured flowSimulated at RM 5.4 from measured flowSimulated at RM 14.2 from PRMS-simulated flowSimulated at RM 12.1 from PRMS-simulated flowSimulated at RM 8.1 from PRMS-simulated flowSimulated at RM 5.4 from PRMS-simulated flow2015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5560TIME, IN HOURS FROM 0:00 JULY 7, 1993Figure 40. Branch Lagrangian Transport model simulation of dye transport in the Pudding River, Oregon, from rivermile (RM) 17.6 to 5.4 using measured flow and using Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) simulated flow.(Simulated flows were 20 percent lower than observed flows and resulted in a 12 percent longer estimate of peak time.See Glossary for program descriptions.)the output of peak travel time was used to create thecurves presented in figure 41. These curves can beused to determine travel times (water velocity) of aspilled conservative constituent between any twostream locations on the main stem of the PuddingRiver for a given base discharge at the stream-gagingstation at Aurora (14202000). Similar curves could beconstructed to show the attenuation of the peak concentrationas the constituent travels downstream.FUTURE WATER-QUALITY MODELINGThe next logical sequence in water-quality modelingis to incorporate a solute-transport model into theexisting dynamic streamflow model of the WillametteRiver Basin for selected stream networks and specificapplications by configuring and calibrating BLTM tooperate with DAFLOW using dye-study data.Further calibration should include providingreaction dynamics for the simulation of dissolved oxygen,bacteria, and water temperature, but such simulationwould require additional data collection. Withcalibrated reaction dynamics, the model also can beused to determine the relation of dissolved oxygen andACCUMULATED PEAK CONCENTRATION TRAVEL TIMEFOR A SPILL, IN HOURS4003503002502001501005005040Q = 70 cubic feet per secondQ = 120 cubic feet per secondQ = 300 cubic feet per secondQ = 800 cubic feet per second3020PUDDING RIVER MILEFigure 41. Travel time for peak concentrations of ahypothetical spill for various discharges (Q) at thePudding River at Aurora, Oregon (stream-gagingstation 14202000) beginning at river mile 52.2 atKaufman Road bridge crossing.10062
water temperature to nutrient loading, sediment oxygendemand, reaeration rates, flow conditions, climaticconditions, algal growth rates, and riparian vegetationcover during summer months. Then, the model alsocan be used to assess the potential effectiveness of variousmanagement options for alleviating water-qualityproblems.Fate and transport of toxic substances and traceelements still are not well understood. One major reasonfor the lack of understanding is that transport oftoxic constituents usually occurs during dynamic(unsteady-state) conditions, which are difficult to measureand assess. The current solution to this problemis to assume transport under steady-state conditions.Further research and data collection will eventuallydefine the dynamic transport processes involved andthe reaction dynamics of these substances underunsteady conditions. Some of these substances willbe transported in the suspended phase; therefore, asediment-transport model will have to be linked to theflow model (Laenen, 1995). When all the dynamicand relevant processes are known and adequate datafor calibration has been collected, unsteady-state flowswill be suitable for water-quality modeling purposes,and flows simulated by precipitation runoff andstreamflow routing will have to be used in theprediction process.Eventually, overland- and subsurfpface-transportprocesses that carry substances into the stream willhave to be defined so that source modeling can bedone. These runoff-model elements are currently in theresearch stage, but can be incorporated in future modelingwhen they become usable.LINKING DATA AND MODELSIn preceding sections, different components ofprograms required to model flows in the WillametteRiver Basin have been discussed. This sectiondescribes the links between all data requirements andall model components.Geographic information system programs (ARC-INFO) and spatial data layers are required to determineHRU’s needed to define the discrete spatial inputs toPRMS. Data-base management programs (ANNIE) arerequired to input, output, and manage data files in amaster WDM file. A model application program (SCE-NARIO GENERATOR) is used to display the WDMfile for PRMS. River-network applications are run withthe streamflow-routing model DAFLOW by using theWDM file. Files from the DAFLOW model can beused to drive water-quality models such as BLTM. (Anewer version of BLTM, identified as CBLTM, wasused in this study.) Programs in ANNIE can be used tooutput graphs and statistics. A flowchart of the filesand programs used in this study are shown in figure 42.basin.g1PrecipitationrunoffmodelPRMSObserved precipitation/temperature dataSCENARIOGENERATORFLOW.INSimulated subbasin flows WILL.WDMData-base fileWILL.WDSimulated subbasin inflowsSimulated channel flowsDAFLOWSimulated channel flowsChannel flowroutingmodelANNIESWSTATSBLTM.INBLTM.FLWData fileFLATFILESSolute-transportmodelCBLTMSimulated channel flowsSTATSFigure 42. Programs and files used to link the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), the DiffusionAnalogy Flow model (DAFLOW), and the Branched Lagrangian Transport Model (BLTM) for simulatedoperations. (A circle denotes a computer program, and a rectangle denotes a computer file. See Glossaryfor program descriptions.)63
Page 1:
Precipitation-Runoff and Streamflow
Page 4 and 5:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORBRUC
Page 6 and 7:
Determining Travel Time and Dilutio
Page 8 and 9:
2. Stream-gaging stations used to c
Page 10 and 11:
Page Intentionally Blank
Page 12 and 13:
network-routing models where availa
Page 14 and 15:
made on the main stem at base-flow
Page 16 and 17:
Figure 1. Willamette River Basin, O
Page 18 and 19:
EvapotranspirationINPUTSAirtemperat
Page 20 and 21:
Table 1. Climate stations used to c
Page 22 and 23: Table 2. Stream-gaging stations use
Page 24 and 25: Figure 4. Mean annual precipitation
Page 26 and 27: Major Land Use MapHydrologic Soil G
Page 28 and 29: 0.5 mi 2 , created in the merge of
Page 30 and 31: Table 6. Geology and soils matrix o
Page 32 and 33: tion value of the HRU class by the
Page 34 and 35: Table 8. Selected monthly basinwide
Page 36 and 37: Figure 9. Location of Precipitation
Page 38 and 39: Table 11. Statistical analyses of P
Page 40 and 41: flow can become a significant compo
Page 42 and 43: diffusion at selected grid interval
Page 44 and 45: samples were collected at various d
Page 46 and 47: 3,0002,500June 21-30, 1993September
Page 48 and 49: stream network is shown on figure 1
Page 50 and 51: 122˚30´ 15´122˚00´121˚45´Roc
Page 52 and 53: 123˚22´30´´ 123˚15´ 123˚00´
Page 54 and 55: 123˚00´´ 45´30´122˚15´45˚15
Page 56 and 57: YamhillRiver123˚45´ 30´ 15´123
Page 58 and 59: 123˚07´30´´ 123˚00´ 45´ 30´
Page 60 and 61: 123˚07´30´´ 123˚00´ 45´ 30´
Page 62 and 63: 44˚15´14166000122˚07´30´´Will
Page 64 and 65: 122˚15´ 122˚00´121˚52´30´´4
Page 66 and 67: 44˚52´30´´45´122˚15´ 122˚00
Page 68 and 69: observed flow at the Willamette Riv
Page 70 and 71: DAFLOW model, and peak amplitude is
Page 74 and 75: ARC-INFO and Geographic Information
Page 76 and 77: WILL.WDMData-base file(Observed pre
Page 78 and 79: WILL.WDMData-base fileSWSTATSFreque
Page 80 and 81: Jobson, H.E., 1980, Comment on A ne
Page 82 and 83: Page Intentionally Blank
Page 84 and 85: APPENDIX 1. STREAM GEOMETRY FOR MAI
Page 110 and 111: APPENDIX 2. ARC MACRO LANGUAGE (AML
Page 122 and 123:
APPENDIX 3. DEFINITIONS OF PARAMETE
Page 124 and 125:
APPENDIX 3. DEFINITIONS OF PARAMETE
Page 126 and 127:
APPENDIX 4. MEASUREMENTS USED TO DE
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
APPENDIX 5. EXAMPLE PRECIPITATION-R
Page 136 and 137:
APPENDIX 5. EXAMPLE PRECIPITATION-R
Page 138 and 139:
APPENDIX 6. DIFFUSION ANALOGY FLOW
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
APPENDIX 7. PROGRAMMING STEPS TO IN
Page 152 and 153:
APPENDIX 8. PROGRAMMING STEPS TO DE
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
150Climatemaxtempmintempprecipitati
Page 162 and 163:
APPENDIX 10. DIRECTORY TREE AND DES
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
APPENDIX 11. DIRECTORY TREES AND DE
Page 182 and 183:
APPENDIX 11. DIRECTORY TREES AND DE
Page 184 and 185:
APPENDIX 12. DIRECTORY FOR will.wdm
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
APPENDIX 13. PROGRAMMING STEPS FOR
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
APPENDIX 14. INPUT FILES FOR BRANCH
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
show all

Precipitation-Runoff and Streamflow-Routing Models for the ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?