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tudes calculated by the GSC and should be used with cautionfor magnitudes calculated by other agencies unless it can beverified that the same formulae and procedures were used. Inparticular, until the underlying causes of the m N – M W timedependenceare better understood, it should not be assumedthat this time dependence applies to all data bases for easternNorth America.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI thank Bob Youngs for providing a second opinion on the timedependence of m N . John Adams, John Cassidy, and MartinChapman provided constructive reviews. Janet Drysdale verifiedthe pre-1995 magnitude calculation procedure. NaturalResources Canada contribution number 20110070.REFERENCESAtkinson, G. M. (1993). Earthquake source spectra in eastern NorthAmerica. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 83, 1,778–1,798.Atkinson, G. M., S.-L. I. Kaka, D. Eaton, A. Bent, V. Peci, and S. Halchuk(2008). A very close look at a moderate earthquake near Sudbury,Ontario. 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Stochastic prediction ofground motion and spectral response parameters at hard-rock sitesin eastern North America. Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica 77, 440–467.Burger, R. W., P. G. Somerville, J. S. Barker, R. B. Herrmann, and D. V.Helmberger (1987). The effect of crustal structure on strong groundmotion attenuation relations in eastern North America. Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America 77, 420–439.Chael, E. P. (1987). Spectral scaling of earthquakes in the Miramichiregion of New Brunswick. Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica 77, 347–365.Du, W.-X., W.-Y. Kim, and L. R. Sykes (2003). Earthquake sourceparameters and state of stress for the northeastern United Statesand southeastern Canada from analysis of regional seismograms.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93, 1,633–1,648.Global CMT Project (2010). Online database, http://www.globalcmt.org.Haddon, R. A. W. (1996). 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Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America 78, 188–217.North, R. G., R. J. Wetmiller, J. Adams, F. M. Anglin, H. S. Hasegawa,M. Lamontagne, R. DuBerger, L. Seeber, and J. Armbruster(1989). Preliminary results from the November 25, 1988 Saguenay(Quebec) earthquake. Seismological Research Letters 60, 89–93.Nuttli, O. W. (1973). Seismic wave attenuation and magnitude relationsfor eastern North America. Journal of Geophysical Research 78,876–885.Nuttli, O. W. (1983). Average seismic source-parameter relations formid-plate earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica 73, 519–535.Ristau, J., G. Rogers, and J. Cassidy (2003). Moment magnitude calibrationfor earthquakes off Canada’s west coast. Bulletin of theSeismological Society of America 93, 2,296–2,300.Ristau, J., G. C. Rogers, and J. F. Cassidy (2005). Moment magnitudelocalmagnitude calibration for earthquakes in western Canada.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95, 1,994–2,000;doi:10.1785/0120050028.Sonley, E., and G. M. Atkinson (2001). Apparent source spectra forearthquakes in the Charlevoix seismic zone: A comparison ofdirect and empirical Green’s function methods. Bulletin of theSeismological Society of America 91, 1,729–1,740.Sonley, E., and G. M. Atkinson (2005). Empirical relationship betweenmoment magnitude and Nuttli magnitude for small-magnitudeearthquakes in southeastern Canada. Seismological Research Letters76, 752–755.United States Geological Survey (2010). Online database, http://neic.usgs.gov.Wetmiller, R. J., and J. A. Drysdale (1982). Local magnitude of easternCanadian earthquakes by an extended m b (Lg) scale. EarthquakeNotes 53 (3), 40.Canadian Hazards Information ServiceGeological Survey of Canada7 Observatory CrescentOttawa, Ontario K1A 0Y3 Canadabent@seismo.nrcan.gc.ca990 Seismological Research Letters Volume 82, Number 6 November/December 2011