0Depth (kms)0 10Distance (kms)A A’Mag 2Mag 3Mag 4Mag 5Mag 6104 5 6km/s▲▲Figure 4. Aftershock locations for events between 1 February and 31 March 2011, projected onto the vertical plane AA’ of Figure3; only events within 2 km of the vertical plane are shown. The February M w 6.2 earthquake is at ~X = 8 km. The solid line shows theprojection of the fault plane 1 inferred from geodetic studies (Beavan et al. 2011, page 789 of this issue). Color background shows theP-wave velocity.0Distance (kms)0 10 20B B’Mag 2Depth (kms)Mag 3Mag 4Mag 5Mag 6104 5 6km/s▲ ▲ Figure 5. Aftershock locations for events between 1 February and 30 April 2011, projected onto the cross-section BB ’ of Figure 3—avertical plane with strike N79.5E degrees; the fault plane 2 of Beavan 2011, page 789 of this issue. Only events within 1.2 km of theplane are shown. Background colors show P-wave velocity; areas that have lower ray path coverage (derivative-weighted-sum lessthan 50) are grayed out. The February M w 6.2 earthquake is at ~X = 12 km. Earthquake symbol sizes are as for Figure 4.844 Seismological Research Letters Volume 82, Number 6 November/December 2011
REFERENCESAvery, H. R., J. B. Berrill, P. F. Coursey, B. L. Deam, M. B. Dewe, C. C.Francois, J. R. Pettinga, and M. D. Yetton (2004). The CanterburyUniversity strong-motion recording project. 13 th World Conferenceon Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 1–6 August,2004, paper 1335.[are these published proceedings? can we providename of publisher & place where published?]Barnes, P. M. (1995). High-frequency sequences deposited duringQuaternary sea-level cycles on a deforming continental shelf, northCanterbury, New Zealand. Sedimentary Geology 97, 131–156.Barnes, P. M. (1996). Active folding of Pleistocene unconformities on theedge of the Australian-Pacific plate boundary zone, offshore northCanterbury, New Zealand. Tectonics 15 (2), 623–640. Correctionto Figure 6 printed in Tectonics 15 (5), 1,110–1,111 [1996].Barnes, P., C. Castellazzi, A. Gorman and S. Wilcox (2011). SubmarineFaulting beneath Pegasus Bay, Offshore Christchurch. Short-termCanterbury Earthquake Recovery Project 2: Offshore Faults.National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Client reportWLG2011-28, Wellington, NZ: National Institute of Water andAtmospheric Research.Beavan, J., E. Fielding, M. Motagh, S. Samsonov, and N. Donnelly(2011). Fault location and slip distribution of the 22 February 2011M W 6.2 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquake from geodeticdata. Seismological Research Letters 82, 789–799.Beavan, J., S. Samsonov, M. Motagh, L. Wallace, S. Ellis and N. Palmer(2010). The M w 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake: Geodeticobservations and preliminary source model. Bulletin of the NewZealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 43, 228–235.Beyreuther, M., R. Barsch, L. Krischer, T. Megies, Y. Behr, and J.Wassermann (2010). ObsPy: A python toolbox for seismology.Seismological Research Letters 81 (3), 530–533.Dorn, C., A. G. Green, R. Jongens, S. Carpentier, A. E. Kaiser, F.Campbell, H. Horstmeyer, J. Campbell, M. Finnemore, and J.Pettinga (2010). High-resolution seismic images of potentially seismogenicstructures beneath the northwest Canterbury Plains, NewZealand. Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth 115, B11303;doi:10.1029/2010JB007459.Du, W., C. H. Thurber, and D. Eberhart-Phillips (2004). Earthquakerelocation using cross-correlation time delay estimates verifiedwith the bispectrum method. Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica 94, 856–866.Eberhart-Phillips, D., M. Reyners, S. Bannister, M. Chadwick, and S.Ellis (2010). Establishing a versatile 3-D seismic velocity model forNew Zealand. Seismological Research Letters 81 (6), 992–1,000;doi:10.1785/gssrl.82.6.992.Fry, B., R. Benites, M. Reyners, C. Holden, A. Kaiser, S. Bannister, M.Gerstenberger, C. Williams, J. Ristau, and J. Beavan (2011). Verystrong shaking in New Zealand earthquakes. Eos, Transactions,American Geophysical Union.Fry, B., and M. Gerstenberger (2011). Large apparent stresses from theCanterbury earthquakes of 2010 and 2011. Seismological ResearchLetters 82, 833–838.Gledhill, K., J. Ristau, M. Reyners, B. Fry, and C. Holden (2011).The Darfield (Canterbury, New Zealand) Mw 7.1 earthquake ofSeptember 2010: A preliminary seismological report. SeismologicalResearch Letters 82, 378–386.Holden, C. (2011). Kinematic source model of the 22 February 2011M w 6.2 Christchurch earthquake using strong motion data.Seismological Research Letters 82, 783–788.Howard, M., A. Nicol, J. Campbell, and J. R. Pettinga (2005). Holocenepaleoearthquakes on the strike-slip Porters Pass Fault, Canterbury,New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 48(1), 59–74.Paige, C., and M. Saunders (1982). LSQR: An algorithm for sparse linearequations and sparse least squares problems. ACM Transactions onMathematical Software 8, 43–71.Petersen, T., K. Gledhill, M. Chadwick, N. Gale, and J. Ristau (2011).The New Zealand National Seismograph Network. SeismologicalResearch Letters 82, 9–20.Pettinga, J. R., M. D. Yetton, R. J. Van Dissen, and G. Downes (2001).Earthquake source identification and characterisation for theCanterbury region, South Island, New Zealand. Bulletin of the NewZealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 34, 282–317.Quigley, M., R. Van Dissen, P. Villamor, N. Litchfield, D. Barrell, K.Furlong, T. Stahl, et al. (2010). Surface rupture of the Greendalefault during the M w 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake, NewZealand: Initial findings. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society forEarthquake Engineering 43, 236–242.Reyners, M. E., and H. Cowan (1993). The transition from subductionto continental collision: Crustal structure in the North Canterburyregion, New Zealand. Geophysical Journal International 115 (3),1,124–1,136.Sibson, R., F. Ghisetti, and J. Ristau (2011). Stress control of an evolvingstrike-slip fault system during the 2010–2011 Canterbury, NewZealand, earthquake sequence. Seismological Research Letters 82,824–832.Van Avendonk, H. J. A., W. S. Holbrook, D. Okaya, J. Austin, F. Davey,and T. Stern (2004). Continental crust under compression: A seismicrefraction study of SIGHT Transect 1, South Island, New Zealand.Journal of Geophysical Research 109; doi:10.1029/2003JB002790.Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith (1998). New, improved version of theGeneric Mapping Tools released. Eos, Transactions, AmericanGeophysical Union 79, 59.Wood, R. A., P. B. Andrews, and R. H. Herzer, R. A. Cook, N. de B.Hornibrook, R. H. Hoskins, A. G. Beu, et al. (1989). Cretaceousand Cenozoic Geology of the Chatham Rise Region, South Island,New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Basin Studies 3,75 pp. Lower Hutt, New Zealand: New Zealand Geological Survey.Zhang, H., and C. H. Thurber (2003). Double-difference tomography:The method and its application to the Hayward fault, California.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93, 1,875–1,889.Zhang, H., C. Thurber, and P. Bedrosian (2009). Joint inversion forVp, Vs, and Vp/Vs at SAFOD, Parkfield, California. Geochemistry,Geophysics, Geosystems 10 (1), Q11002.GNS Science1 Fairway Drive, AvalonLower Hutt 5040 New Zealands.bannister@gns.cri.nz(S. B.)Seismological Research Letters Volume 82, Number 6 November/December 2011 845
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Volume 82, Number 6 November/Decemb
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News and Notes (continued)Nominatio
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Preface to the Focused Issue on the
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TABLE 1Peak ground acceleration (PG
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▲▲Figure 2. A) Sketch of the
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▲▲Figure 4. A) Adopted moment r
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▲▲Figure 7. As in Figure 6 but
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▲ ▲ Figure 8. Misfit parameters
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▲ ▲ Figure 10. Spatial variabil
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▲ ▲ Figure 12. Standard spectra
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Quigley, M., R. Van Dissen, P. Vill
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slip on a 59-degree striking fault
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▲▲Figure 4. Convergence of inve
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observations and other source studi
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-42. 5-43. 0-43. 5-44. 0-44. 5-43.2
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“Product CSK © ASI, (ItalianSpac
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▲ ▲ Figure 2. Representative su
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Location of structures illustrated
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Shading indicates areaover which pr
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1.8 deg15 cmGround cracking due to
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30 cm17 cm30 cmFoundation beam▲
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Comparison of Liquefaction Features
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(A)(B)▲▲Figure 2. A) Simplified
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(A)Acceleration (Gal)6004002000-200
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(A)(B)▲▲Figure 7. Distribution
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(A)(B)▲▲Figure 10. Damage to a
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(A)(B)▲ ▲ Figure 14. A) Subside
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▲▲Figure 17. A trench in a resi
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Ambient Noise Measurements followin
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▲▲Figure 1. Location of the noi
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▲▲Figure 5. Site N20 showing HV
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▲▲Figure 8. Comparison between
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Use of DCP and SASW Tests to Evalua
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▲ ▲ Figure 2. Aerial image of C
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(A)(B)▲▲Figure 4. DCP test bein
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▲▲Figure 7. SASW setup at a sit
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where X ~ N(μ X , σ X 2 ) is shor
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Using the same critical layers as s
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Performance of Levees (Stopbanks) d
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▲▲Figure 3. Typical geometry an
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TABLE 1Damage severity categories (
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(A)(B)▲▲Figure 6. A) Large sand
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(A)(B)▲▲Figure 8. A) Representa
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each of the Waimakariri River and a
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▲ ▲ Figure 2. Horizontal peak g
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only minor damage, mostly to their
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(A)(C)(B)▲▲Figure 5. Ferrymead
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(A)(B)▲▲Figure 7. Damage to sou
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(A)(B)▲▲Figure 11. Settlement o
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(A)(C)(B)▲▲Figure 14. Railway B
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Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Associ
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New PublicationsCanGeoRefThe Americ
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Wednesday, 18 AprilTechnical Sessio
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Verification of a Spectral-Element
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EASTERN SECTIONRESEARCH LETTERSReas
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(A)70°N100°W 60°W70°N(B)100°E1
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Mongolia SCRThe presence or absence
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the small horizontal relative motio
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80°100°120°140°EXPLANATIONBorde
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Chang, K. H. (1997). Korean peninsu
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Wheeler, R. L. (2008). Paleoseismic
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A significant outcome of this study
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TABLE 1 (continued)Earthquakes for
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▲▲Figure 2. Earthquakes used in
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Meeting CalendarM E E T I N GC A L
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201 Plaza Professional Bldg. • El
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Seismological Research Letters (SRL
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Christa von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Pr