Fraser River Sockeye Fisheries and Fisheries Management - Cohen ...

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STATE OF THE SCIENCECatch MonitoringCurrent best practices regarding catch monitoring include (1) on-site interviews andperiodic fishing effort counts for estimating catches for First Nation FSC and recreationalfisheries, and (2) mandatory catch reporting combined with on-board observers and docksidemonitoring for commercial salmon fisheries. The methods used to monitor FirstNation FSC and recreational harvests of Fraser sockeye are consistent with the bestpractices for these types of fisheries; however, there are on-going concerns regarding thelevel of monitoring effort and implementation of the survey designs. The catchmonitoring programs for commercial fisheries include some of the elements of the bestpractices but fall well short of the scientific standards for a rigorous catch monitoringsystem because of deficiencies in fishers compliance with mandatory reportingrequirements, insufficient verification of reported catches through on-board observers anddock-side monitoring prior to 2010, incomplete documentation of methods, andineffective database management.Non-Retention FisheriesBest practices for selective or responsible fishing are well known for all sectors (Plate etal. 2008) but only a small fraction of the annual sockeye harvest is capture using selectivefishing techniques. Commercial fisheries could be more selective by reducing the use oflarge mesh gillnets, mandatory brailing for all purse seine fisheries, and expansion ofopportunities for trollers. The selectivity of First Nation fisheries and survival of nonretainedspecies could be improved by reducing the use of set nets, requiring full-timemonitoring of each set net, and increasing the use of more selective gear (e.g., dip nets,beach seines and fishwheels). The impact of both First Nation and recreational fisherieson non-retained species could be reduced by moving fisheries away from locations andtimes when migrating salmon are being severely stressed by high water temperature, riverdischarge and/or other environmental factors.169
Pre-season and In-season ForecastsThe procedures used for pre-season forecasting of Fraser sockeye include the full rangeof stock-recruitment models used in the management and assessment of salmon fisheries.The deficiencies associated with reliability of pre-season forecasts are not due to themethods or models used but largely attributable to high year-to-year variability in marinesurvival. More extensive environmental monitoring data will likely been needed toimprove our ability to predict changes in marine survival, but there are no guarantees thatthese additional investments will improve the reliability of pre-season forecasts.In-season estimates of the abundance of sockeye returning to the Fraser River are derivedby combining data from marine test fisheries, freshwater test fisheries and the Missionhydroacoustic site. Test fishery operations have been coordinated between the DFO andPSC and the methods are consistent with the state-of-the-art for salmon fisheries. Thehydroacoustic monitoring techniques used at the Mission site include some of the mostadvanced technology used to monitor salmon in large river systems. However, PSCscientists have identified a number of deficiencies with these hydroacoustic techniquesand continue to evaluate alternatives (Xie et al. 2002). Two promising alternatives thathave been tested at the site in recent years are: (1) DIDSON hydroacoustic techniques,and (2) the use of side-scan fixed-station hydroacoustics in mid-channel locations.DIDSON technology has been proven superior to single beam or split-beam technologyfor counting upstream migrating salmon when abundances are high. The secondalternative is a potential solution to concerns related to fish avoiding detection in theboat-based mobile hydroacoustic surveys conducted at the Mission site (Xie et al. 2008).The Bayesian models currently used to derive in-season forecasts from the available testfishery and Mission escapement data are as sophisticated as any used in the managementof salmon fisheries. The in-season information on stock composition and abundance forFraser sockeye is timely and readily available for fisheries management decisions.Escapement monitoringThe primary methods used to estimate escapements to spawning areas for Fraser sockeyeare mark-recapture, counting fences and visual surveys. Tower counts are usedextensively in Alaska to estimate sockeye escapement but they are not used on the Fraser,except to guide mark-recapture programs. In recent years, partial weirs and DIDSONhydroacoustic systems have been used on the Horsefly and Chilko rivers (Cronkite et al.170
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Fraser River Sockeye Fisheriesand F
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. Catch Monitorin
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implement harvest rate ceilings to
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Table of ContentsEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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List of TablesTable 1 Annual estima
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List of FiguresFigure 1 Fraser sock
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Figure 21 Estimates of total catch,
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List of AppendicesAppendix A Statem
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used to (1) estimate catch for each
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FISHERIES HARVESTINGOverview of Fis
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Figure 1 Fraser sockeye marine migr
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Table 2 Summary of available inform
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Table 3 provides the annual estimat
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Table 4 Summary of available inform
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season update teleconference meetin
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Catch Estimation MethodsThe procedu
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catch estimates was detected using
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of precision. The overall rating fo
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1998-00 - No agreements with Sto:lo
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initiation of the AFS Agreements in
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Table 12 Comparison of annual socke
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Table 13 Annual estimates of the ha
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Canadian Commercial FisheriesThe pr
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logbook systems. In addition to the
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Table 15 Fraser River sockeye salmo
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Available catch estimates for the r
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Table 17 Summary of available infor
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anged from less than 100 to over 30
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Washington State Recreational Fishe
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equirements have been applied to se
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salmon were biopsied or tagged with
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Stellako-Late Stuart and 531 Adams)
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FISHERIES MANAGEMENTOverview of Pre
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parents of the recruits). Effective
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within the confidence limits. For e
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Ratio of Return to Forecast5.04.03.
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Ratio of Return to Forecast5.04.03.
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Table 20 Pre-season forecast models
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different from the straight line),
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Prediction ability of ForecastsProp
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Stock MAPEReturn Explainedby Foreca
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test fisheries are analyzed in-seas
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Inputs to the cumulative-normal mod
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eginning of the runs, but by mid-ru
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Median Absolute Percent Error (1997
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variety of hydroacoustic techniques
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enefited from improved technologies
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Post-season estimates of Escapement
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precision achieved was considerably
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m 3 /sec during the sockeye run. Fi
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Escapement TargetsOur evaluations r
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20% of the average of the 4-year se
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Table 24 Low escapement benchmarks
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Table 25 Comparison of post-season
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fisheries have been permitted to ta
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sub-dominant cycle years (e.g., 200
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SummaryLow Escapement Benchmarks (L
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Extent of OverharvestingThe estimat
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2,000,0001,800,000Early StuartCatch
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Cultus Lake Sockeye Recovery Effort
Page 122 and 123: Figure 23 Number of adult sockeye e
Page 124 and 125: Recovery ObjectivesIn anticipation
Page 126 and 127: 2008 the escapement estimate was 34
Page 128 and 129: BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA SOCKEYE FISHERY
Page 130 and 131: accurate, precise, and timely, (2)
Page 132 and 133: The Bay is subjected to large tidal
Page 134 and 135: activity (Bocking and Peterman 1988
Page 136 and 137: % of total run45%40%35%30%25%20%15%
Page 138 and 139: Harvest estimation methodsTotal har
Page 140 and 141: Millions of sockeyeYearFigure 27 Hi
Page 142 and 143: management structure complements th
Page 144 and 145: 1.5Togiak4.03.5NushagakMillions of
Page 146 and 147: Millions of sockeye7.06.05.04.03.02
Page 148 and 149: logical given the dynamics of the r
Page 150 and 151: 1.61.4Number of fish (millions)1.21
Page 152 and 153: Pre-season forecastsAs noted above,
Page 154 and 155: 8.0y = 0.79x + 1.59R² = 0.417.8Log
Page 156 and 157: 12010080MAPE60402001971-1980 1981-1
Page 158 and 159: Median percent error (MPE)3020100-1
Page 160 and 161: Table 28 Average age composition of
Page 162 and 163: dampeners to reduce surface turbule
Page 164 and 165: current year’s run is accounted f
Page 166 and 167: and 1999 Revised Annexes. This inte
Page 168 and 169: Bristol Bay was in 1997 when there
Page 170 and 171: upon by managers to determine when
Page 174 and 175: 2006) due to concerns regarding the
Page 176 and 177: RECOMMENDATIONS1. DFO needs to ensu
Page 178 and 179: LITERATURE CITEDAdkison, M.D. and R
Page 180 and 181: Beacham, T.D., M. Lapointe, J.R. Ca
Page 182 and 183: CSAS. 2007 Pre-season run size fore
Page 184 and 185: Evans, D.G., J.B. Browning and B.G.
Page 186 and 187: Hardie, D.C., D.A. Nagtegaal, K. He
Page 188 and 189: Pacific Salmon Commission. 1998. Re
Page 190 and 191: Robichaud, D., J.J. Smith, K. K. En
Page 192 and 193: Valderrama, D. and J.L. Anderson. 2
Page 194 and 195: Appendix A Statement of Work.Cohen
Page 196 and 197: All sectors3.7 The Contractor will
Page 198 and 199: “State of the Science”. Comment
Page 200 and 201: 3.3 The Contractor will review and
Page 202 and 203: Appendix BList of requests to DFO b
Page 204 and 205: DFO Request 15: Recent CSAS documen
Page 206 and 207: Item Description DateRequestedReque
Page 208 and 209: Appendix CFirst Nation catch monito
Page 210 and 211: Table C-1 Summary of information re
Page 212 and 213: Table C-2 Weekly catch monitoring e
Page 214 and 215: Table D-1 Summary of information re
Page 216 and 217: community of Port Renfrew. The area
Page 218 and 219: IPrecision ( + % of the estimate)10
Page 220 and 221: Table E-2 Annual Strait of Georgia
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Table E-4 Annual Johnstone Strait e
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Table E-6 Lower Fraser River recrea
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0 would mean that the forecast does
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the general ups and downs of the ob
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Appendix G Graphical representation
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Early Stuart Timing GroupEarly Stua
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Summer-run Timing GroupSummer run7.
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Fraser River Indicator Stocks (list
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Appendix H Pre-season forecast: sum
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ManagementGroup(IndicatorStock)MAPE
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ManagementGroup(IndicatorStock)MAPE
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Appendix I Methods of In-season Sto
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Marine Gillnet Test FisheriesThe gi
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Expansion line (x1000)9080706050403
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Table I-2 Mean values for purse sei
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Figure I-5 Map of test fishing loca
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Appendix J The Hydroacoustics progr
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An SEF project was secured in 2007
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Conservation action Comments Partne
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Table K-2 Summary of actions to rec
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Table L-1 Catch and escapement of s
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Table L-3 Performance criteria of p
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Ratio of annual return to the avera
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Appendix M Reviewer comments on the
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Request #5: Sockeye allocations by
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utility of pre-season forecasts. Pr
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3. Are there additional quantitativ
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made via tagging and experimentatio
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Page 60: The authors make extensive
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ensure the reader does not assume t
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The reported excerpts from Bradford
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(budgets, legal issues, pseudo-cons
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REVIEW 3/3Reviewer Name: Dr Sean Co
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season forecasts that eventually co
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allocation shows "No agreement", an
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size.Figures showing errors for pre
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Goals can easily generate confusion
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Total rows from all these tables be
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Exploitation Rate100%90%80%70%60%50
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Exploitation RateEarly Stuart90%80%
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