surveying iii (topographic and geodetic surveys) - Modern Prepper

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stake to steady it. With the back of his hand, he brings the mark on the tape into coincidencewith the mark on the copper strip and holds the marks in coincidence until the front contactman calls "Ready," the rear contact man calls "Right," and the front contact man answers,"Mark." Immediately following the call "mark," the rear contact man reads the thermometer. The recorder enters the reading in the record book. The front contact man assumes a position alongside the forward stake. With one hand hesteadies the tape into its proper position just clear of the top of the stake, alongside the copperstrip, and between himself and the strip. As the tension is perfected and the tape approachesequilibrium, he places the point of a sharp, symmetrically pointed scribe on the edge of thecopper strip, next to the tape and in coincidence with the terminal mark on the tape. When heis satisfied that all conditions have been met, he checks the tension, glances down the tape tosee that it is in alignment, and calls "Ready." When he hears the response "Right" from therear contact man, he marks the copper strip with the scribe and calls, "Mark."NOTE: Several precautions must be taken when making the mark. The scribe must be verysharp and should at no time touch the tape in the region of the terminal mark. The terminal markof the tape, the axis of the scribe, and the eye of the man making the forward contact should bekept in about the same vertical plane. The contact man should mark the copper strip by movingthe scribe away from him in order to keep constant any error due to parallax. The mark shouldbe made at the very edge of the copper strip in order to make it easier for the rear contact man tomake the contact when the tape is moved ahead. Immediately after making the mark, the front contact man reads the forward thermometer,and the recorder makes the notation in the record book.NOTE: When recording the tape measures, two thermometer readings indicate a full 50-metertape length, and one thermometer reading indicates a half-tape length or a setup. Each half-tapelength or large setup should be recorded on a separate line, not on the same line as a full-tapelength. The numbering of the stakes should plainly indicate the full-tape lengths and the partiallengths. Notes in the remarks column should clearly explain any unusual conditions. At thebeginning of the day's work on the first page, and as often as changes occur, make entries in theremarks column giving the names and duties of the party chief, the recorder, and the two contactmen. Also, a statement should be made as to the results of the comparison of the balances and thedial reading being used on the balances. All marginal notes and entries at the top of the pageshould be made as the measurement progresses. Inserting notes after leaving the site could resultin errors.EN0593 3-12
a. A suggested method of keeping field notes for baseline measurements is shown in Figure 3-3,page 3-14. Complete the heading of the form in detail. The entries in columns 1 and 2 are the names ofthe stations and the numbers of the tape ends. Indicate a partial tape length on a separate line, using thenumber of the preceding tape end followed by the meters or the word setup. If a stake with a contactstrip is set at the half-tape point and contact is made to it, designate it as a +25 stake.b. In columns 3 and 4, the entry of two temperatures indicates that the measurement was made witha full 50-meter tape length; one thermometer reading indicates a half-tape length or a setup. In cases ofpartial tape lengths, include explanatory notes in the remarks column to indicate the part of the tape usedin the measurement, such as 0 to 25, 25 to 50, and 0 to 10.c. In columns 5 and 6, enter the setup and setback measurements, in meters, to 4 decimal places.These entries, in addition to various partial tape-length measurements, include rail-movementmeasurements (usually the mean of 10 per rail), and setup or setback measurements at the section endsand at intermediate stakes used to make tape ends fall on the copper strips. Enter the number of pointsof tape support in column 7. Enter a T when a tape is supported throughout. However, measurementsare seldom made with a tape supported throughout because of friction.d. Entries in the remarks column are very important for the proper interpretation of a record. Anyunusual method of support should have an accompanying explanation in the remarks column. Note allbroken grades. Indicate the part of the tape used in a partial tape-length measurement. Enter the numberof the steel tape used opposite all measurements made using steel tape. Include remarks on anyaccidents to the tapes (noting the exact point of injury) or equipment and any weather changes.e. When the forward mark has been accurately made, move the tape ahead and repeat the processuntil reaching the end of the baseline. If it is necessary to remeasure the baseline, the marks placed onthe copper strips during the second measurement should be distinguished from the first markings by abar across the scratch. Markings from a third measurement would have two scratches.3-13 EN0593
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SUBCOURSEEN0593EDITIONAUNITED STATE
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TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE:ACTION:
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Part G: Adjusting Precise-Positioni
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PART A - FIGURES OF THE EARTH1-1. T
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Figure 1-2. Flattening Fractiona. T
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1-3. Geoid. In geodesy, precise com
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point in the survey to provide the
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one side of a triangle and all of t
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Figure 1-10. Simple Triangulation N
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observation, contains a light sourc
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of a horizontal rod with a small sp
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The Airy theory, announced by G. B.
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Figure 1-15. Products of the Gravim
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a. If the shape of the earth was ex
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Figure 1-16. Single Astronomic Stat
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Figure 1-17. Astro-Geodetic Deflect
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Figure 1-19. Astro-Geodetic Datum O
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(c) The significance of a gravity-o
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absolute deflections of the vertica
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Figure 1-23. Preferred Datumsa. The
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1-17. The World Geodetic System. Be
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Figure 1-25. Using the Same Referen
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LESSON 1PRACTICE EXERCISEThe follow
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12. Which of the following is assum
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LESSON 1PRACTICE EXERCISEANSWER KEY
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THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLA
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for all military and civilian activ
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i. Additional support for other top
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2-7. Status. At present, topographi
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in both. (North American Datum of 1
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water can impede leveling operation
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A field recording booklet. A single
Page 68 and 69: PART I - OFFICE WORK2-24. General.
Page 70 and 71: PART J - SURVEY COMMUNICATION2-28.
Page 72 and 73: length or side is known, and all th
Page 74 and 75: second-order, Class I net. The leng
Page 76 and 77: The number of observations required
Page 78 and 79: to perform the reconnaissance. Fail
Page 80 and 81: and cultivated, or fields may have
Page 82 and 83: e an alphanumeric symbol that is st
Page 84 and 85: 2-53. Intervisibility of Stations.
Page 86 and 87: station is (K/2) 2 x 0.0676, or one
Page 88 and 89: Figure 2-8. Similar Triangles Solut
Page 90 and 91: 2-54. Height of Obstructions. It is
Page 92 and 93: authorized to change the name, it s
Page 94 and 95: Figure 2-12. Cells Connected in Par
Page 96 and 97: added as the cells weaken. Three un
Page 98 and 99: Figure 2-16. Construction Details f
Page 100 and 101: 2-60. Wooden Towers. When it become
Page 102 and 103: LESSON 2PRACTICE EXERCISEThe follow
Page 104 and 105: 11. The face of the 5-inch signal l
Page 106 and 107: LESSON 2PRACTICE EXERCISEANSWER KEY
Page 108 and 109: average line in a triangulation sys
Page 110 and 111: 3-4. Slope Measurements. The slope
Page 112 and 113: strip as close as possible to its f
Page 114 and 115: . Sight along the tops of both of t
Page 116 and 117: Column 1. Record the station number
Page 120 and 121: Figure 3-3. DA Form 4446 (Sample of
Page 122 and 123: micrometer in this optical system i
Page 124 and 125: laterally across the front of the e
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3-7. Horizontal Circle and M
Page 128 and 129: out of adjustment. If the index mar
Page 130 and 131: (1) In order to avoid instrumental
Page 132 and 133: location of the vertical circle on
Page 134 and 135: Figure 3-13. Open Traversec. Closed
Page 136 and 137: designate the exact point of refere
Page 138 and 139: example, a line with an azimuth of
Page 140 and 141: When adjusting a traverse that star
Page 142 and 143: LESSON 3PRACTICE EXERCISEThe follow
Page 144 and 145: 11. The unit of graduation on a hor
Page 146 and 147: LESSON 3PRACTICE EXERCISEANSWER KEY
Page 148 and 149: THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLA
Page 150 and 151: differential leveling. The theodoli
Page 152 and 153: additional runs are made due to exc
Page 154 and 155: Figure 4-2. Wild N-3 Precision Leve
Page 156 and 157: (8) Loosen the azimuth clamp (13),
Page 158 and 159: 4.7. Miscellaneous Equipment. In ad
Page 160 and 161: (2) To check for gross errors in th
Page 162 and 163: (a) (1) Begin by completing the inf
Page 164 and 165: Set up and level the instrument. Re
Page 166 and 167: Figure 4-8. Sun and Wind Code(5) Th
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(10) Enter the interval between the
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Figure 4-9. Closed-Circuit River Cr
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Figure 4-11. Sample DA Form 5820 (R
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is 0. When the telescope is pointed
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stations. However, since all statio
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a. Complete the heading, as shown.b
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a. (1) Enter the date, as in the sa
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11. The maximum length of site to o
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PART A - GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
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5-7. Pseudorange. A pseudorange is
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5-15. Number of Pseudorange Observa
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i. Probable Error Measures. The acc
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Table 5-1. Representative GPS Error
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Table 5-2. Carrier Phase Trackinga.
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exercise extreme caution in applyin
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not be designed or performed to ach
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Table 5-3. GPS-S Design, Geometry,
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f. Multiple/Repeat Baseline Connect
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possible ionospheric and tropospher
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Figures 5-4. PDOP Versus Time PlotP
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e. Field Processing and Verificatio
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All carrier phase relative-surveyin
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time spent and the cost of conducti
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movement between occupation sites,
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5-37. General. GPS baseline solutio
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(1) Receiver Time. This technique u
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NOTE: Repeated baselines should be
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5-43. Loop Closure Checks. Postproc
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necessary to determine approximate
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This will ensure that future work w
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may (and usually does) far exceed t
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important in evaluating the overall
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i. Relative GPS baseline standard e
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12. When the networking method is s
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THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLA
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FAR-77 obstructions. Aircraft-movem
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Figure 6-1. Imaginary SurfacesEN059
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Figure 6-3. Approach Surfacesa. Fed
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. Federal Aviation Regulation-77, S
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Table 6-4. Airport Obstruction Accu
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A horizontal scale of 1:12,000 and
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Figure 6-4. Sample DA Form 5821 (Ai
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Figure 6-5. Sample DA Form 5822 (PA
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