surveying iii (topographic and geodetic surveys) - Modern Prepper

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4.7. Miscellaneous Equipment. In addition to a precise level and rod, a leveling party requires thefollowing equipment: A surveyor's umbrella to shade the instrument. Turning pins or plates to set the rod on during observation. Hammers to set the turning pins. A locator's hand level to estimate the lines of sight. Hand-held counters to tally paces for the approximate balancing of the lines of sight. Recording books and conversion tables for note keeping.4-8. Field Tests and Adjustments. To maintain the required accuracy, certain tests and adjustmentsmust be made before and after the level is used.a. Determine the Stadia Constant. Carefully determine the stadia constant of the instrument beforeit is used. It is the factor by which the totals of the cumulative sums of the total intervals for bothbacksights and foresights are multiplied to obtain the lengths of the sections. These results, in turn, areused in the formulas for computing the allowable divergences (errors) between the forward andbackward runnings of the various sections. Comparing the stadia intervals observed over a knowncourse will aid in the determination.(1) Select a suitable stretch or reasonably level track, roadway, or sidewalk. Place nails or othermarks in a straight line at distances 75, 85, 95, 105, 115, and 125 meters from an initial-point 0.2 meterto the back of the center of the N-3 level. Using the direct method, read the three thread readings on therod at each of these stations, and record the readings on a DA Form 5820, as shown in Figure 4-5. Thesplit-level bubble of the N-3 need not be accurately centered for these readings, but it should be free ofthe ends of the tube. Compute the half-thread intervals as a check against erroneous readings, andcompute the sum of the total intervals for the six readings. The stadia constant is the sum of themeasured distances (300 meters) divided by the sum of the six total thread intervals (300 - 898 = 0.334).EN0593 4-10
Figure 4-5. Sample DA Form 5820 (Determination of the Stadia Constant)4-11 EN0593
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SUBCOURSEEN0593EDITIONAUNITED STATE
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TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE:ACTION:
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Part G: Adjusting Precise-Positioni
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PART A - FIGURES OF THE EARTH1-1. T
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Figure 1-2. Flattening Fractiona. T
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1-3. Geoid. In geodesy, precise com
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point in the survey to provide the
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one side of a triangle and all of t
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Figure 1-10. Simple Triangulation N
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observation, contains a light sourc
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of a horizontal rod with a small sp
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The Airy theory, announced by G. B.
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Figure 1-15. Products of the Gravim
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a. If the shape of the earth was ex
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Figure 1-16. Single Astronomic Stat
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Figure 1-17. Astro-Geodetic Deflect
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Figure 1-19. Astro-Geodetic Datum O
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(c) The significance of a gravity-o
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absolute deflections of the vertica
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Figure 1-23. Preferred Datumsa. The
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1-17. The World Geodetic System. Be
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Figure 1-25. Using the Same Referen
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LESSON 1PRACTICE EXERCISEThe follow
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12. Which of the following is assum
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LESSON 1PRACTICE EXERCISEANSWER KEY
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THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLA
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for all military and civilian activ
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i. Additional support for other top
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2-7. Status. At present, topographi
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in both. (North American Datum of 1
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water can impede leveling operation
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A field recording booklet. A single
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PART I - OFFICE WORK2-24. General.
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PART J - SURVEY COMMUNICATION2-28.
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length or side is known, and all th
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second-order, Class I net. The leng
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The number of observations required
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to perform the reconnaissance. Fail
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and cultivated, or fields may have
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e an alphanumeric symbol that is st
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2-53. Intervisibility of Stations.
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station is (K/2) 2 x 0.0676, or one
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Figure 2-8. Similar Triangles Solut
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2-54. Height of Obstructions. It is
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authorized to change the name, it s
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Figure 2-12. Cells Connected in Par
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added as the cells weaken. Three un
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Figure 2-16. Construction Details f
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2-60. Wooden Towers. When it become
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11. The face of the 5-inch signal l
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Page 108 and 109: average line in a triangulation sys
Page 110 and 111: 3-4. Slope Measurements. The slope
Page 112 and 113: strip as close as possible to its f
Page 114 and 115: . Sight along the tops of both of t
Page 116 and 117: Column 1. Record the station number
Page 118 and 119: stake to steady it. With the back o
Page 120 and 121: Figure 3-3. DA Form 4446 (Sample of
Page 122 and 123: micrometer in this optical system i
Page 124 and 125: laterally across the front of the e
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3-7. Horizontal Circle and M
Page 128 and 129: out of adjustment. If the index mar
Page 130 and 131: (1) In order to avoid instrumental
Page 132 and 133: location of the vertical circle on
Page 134 and 135: Figure 3-13. Open Traversec. Closed
Page 136 and 137: designate the exact point of refere
Page 138 and 139: example, a line with an azimuth of
Page 140 and 141: When adjusting a traverse that star
Page 142 and 143: LESSON 3PRACTICE EXERCISEThe follow
Page 144 and 145: 11. The unit of graduation on a hor
Page 146 and 147: LESSON 3PRACTICE EXERCISEANSWER KEY
Page 148 and 149: THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLA
Page 150 and 151: differential leveling. The theodoli
Page 152 and 153: additional runs are made due to exc
Page 154 and 155: Figure 4-2. Wild N-3 Precision Leve
Page 156 and 157: (8) Loosen the azimuth clamp (13),
Page 160 and 161: (2) To check for gross errors in th
Page 162 and 163: (a) (1) Begin by completing the inf
Page 164 and 165: Set up and level the instrument. Re
Page 166 and 167: Figure 4-8. Sun and Wind Code(5) Th
Page 168 and 169: (10) Enter the interval between the
Page 170 and 171: Figure 4-9. Closed-Circuit River Cr
Page 172 and 173: Figure 4-11. Sample DA Form 5820 (R
Page 174 and 175: is 0. When the telescope is pointed
Page 176 and 177: stations. However, since all statio
Page 178 and 179: a. Complete the heading, as shown.b
Page 180 and 181: a. (1) Enter the date, as in the sa
Page 182 and 183: LESSON 4PRACTICE EXERCISEThe follow
Page 184 and 185: 11. The maximum length of site to o
Page 186 and 187: LESSON 4PRACTICE EXERCISEANSWER KEY
Page 188 and 189: PART A - GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
Page 190 and 191: 5-7. Pseudorange. A pseudorange is
Page 192 and 193: 5-15. Number of Pseudorange Observa
Page 194 and 195: i. Probable Error Measures. The acc
Page 196 and 197: Table 5-1. Representative GPS Error
Page 198 and 199: Table 5-2. Carrier Phase Trackinga.
Page 200 and 201: exercise extreme caution in applyin
Page 202 and 203: not be designed or performed to ach
Page 204 and 205: Table 5-3. GPS-S Design, Geometry,
Page 206 and 207: f. Multiple/Repeat Baseline Connect
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possible ionospheric and tropospher
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Figures 5-4. PDOP Versus Time PlotP
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e. Field Processing and Verificatio
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All carrier phase relative-surveyin
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time spent and the cost of conducti
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movement between occupation sites,
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5-37. General. GPS baseline solutio
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(1) Receiver Time. This technique u
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NOTE: Repeated baselines should be
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5-43. Loop Closure Checks. Postproc
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necessary to determine approximate
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This will ensure that future work w
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may (and usually does) far exceed t
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important in evaluating the overall
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i. Relative GPS baseline standard e
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12. When the networking method is s
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THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLA
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FAR-77 obstructions. Aircraft-movem
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Figure 6-1. Imaginary SurfacesEN059
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Figure 6-3. Approach Surfacesa. Fed
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. Federal Aviation Regulation-77, S
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Table 6-4. Airport Obstruction Accu
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A horizontal scale of 1:12,000 and
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Figure 6-4. Sample DA Form 5821 (Ai
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Figure 6-5. Sample DA Form 5822 (PA
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