surveying iii (topographic and geodetic surveys) - Modern Prepper

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(a) (1) Begin by completing the information in the page heading.(b)(2) Record the readings from the backsight (near) rods (keep a running total).(c) (3) Record the readings from the foresight (distant) rods (keep a running total).(d) (4) Enter the means of each set of three thread readings on the near rod and the sum of themeans. (The decimals are not usually shown when recording the mean of the three thread readings;however, they have been inserted here since millimeters and tenths of a millimeter will be used to helpdetermine the C factor.)(e) (5) Enter the thread interval on the near rod. This reading is obtained by subtracting themiddle thread reading from the upper thread reading and subtracting the lower thread reading from themiddle thread reading for each backsight.(f) (6) Enter the sum of the intervals for each backsight and the sum of all backsights.(g) (7), (8), and (9) Apply the same procedure used to obtain columnar values for thebacksights, using the readings in column (3).(h) (10) The curvature and refraction correction (Table 4-1) must be taken out and applied tothe distant-rod readings. Use each foresights separately, and determine the curvature and refractionvalue. Sum these values and apply this sum to the sum of the mean values in column (7).Table 4-1. Total Correction for Curvature and RefractionEN0593 4-14
(i) (11) The required constant, C, is the ratio of the required rod readings to thecorresponding subtended interval and can be determined using the following formula:Substituting the values from the sample into the above formula, the new formula becomes--(3) If the total of the mean readings in column (7) is larger than the total of the mean readings incolumn (4), C carries a minus value. If the opposite occurs, C carries a plus value. Compute the valueof C to the nearest unit in the third decimal place.(4) The maximum permissible C factor varies with the stadia constant of the instrument. If Cexceeds 0.010 when using the N-3 level with a stadia constant of 1/300, adjust the instrument by .007.(5) If an adjustment of the level is made, immediately redetermine the C factor. Adjust the levelby raising or lowering the time of sight by an amount equal to C times the total foresight rod interval (-4millimeters in the example). The N-3 instrument is adjusted by loosening the locking screw for theprotective glass (10) (Figure 4-2, page 4-6). Turn the rim of the protecting glass in the appropriatedirection until the middle thread intercepts the distant rod at the desired reading. If care is exercised, thelevel bubble will remain in coincidence. Complete the adjustment by tightening the locking screw. Ifthe instrument receives a severe jolt, which might disturb its adjustment, immediately make a newdetermination of the level error and adjust the level if the C factor exceeds 0.010. Always note the timeand the date of C factor determinations, as this information is essential to the accuracy of thecomputations.c. Adjust the Leveling Rods. At least once a month and any time it receives a severe shock duringleveling, the leveling rod should be tested and the plumbing level adjusted. If the deviation from thevertical in either direction exceeds 10 millimeters on a 3-meter rod, adjust the rod level. Record themethod and results in the level notebook under test of rod verticality.4-9. Methods and Procedures. When all instrument tests and adjustments are complete, theinstrument man is ready to begin leveling. The methods and procedures discussed here are applicable toboth first- and second-order leveling.a. Precise Leveling. Precise leveling uses the three-wire technique. The program of observation ateach instrument station uses the following procedures:4-15 EN0593
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SUBCOURSEEN0593EDITIONAUNITED STATE
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TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE:ACTION:
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Part G: Adjusting Precise-Positioni
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PART A - FIGURES OF THE EARTH1-1. T
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Figure 1-2. Flattening Fractiona. T
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1-3. Geoid. In geodesy, precise com
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point in the survey to provide the
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one side of a triangle and all of t
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Figure 1-10. Simple Triangulation N
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observation, contains a light sourc
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of a horizontal rod with a small sp
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The Airy theory, announced by G. B.
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Figure 1-15. Products of the Gravim
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a. If the shape of the earth was ex
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Figure 1-16. Single Astronomic Stat
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Figure 1-17. Astro-Geodetic Deflect
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Figure 1-19. Astro-Geodetic Datum O
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(c) The significance of a gravity-o
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absolute deflections of the vertica
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Figure 1-23. Preferred Datumsa. The
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1-17. The World Geodetic System. Be
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Figure 1-25. Using the Same Referen
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LESSON 1PRACTICE EXERCISEThe follow
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12. Which of the following is assum
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LESSON 1PRACTICE EXERCISEANSWER KEY
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THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLA
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for all military and civilian activ
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i. Additional support for other top
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2-7. Status. At present, topographi
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in both. (North American Datum of 1
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water can impede leveling operation
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A field recording booklet. A single
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PART I - OFFICE WORK2-24. General.
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PART J - SURVEY COMMUNICATION2-28.
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length or side is known, and all th
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second-order, Class I net. The leng
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The number of observations required
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to perform the reconnaissance. Fail
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and cultivated, or fields may have
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e an alphanumeric symbol that is st
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2-53. Intervisibility of Stations.
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station is (K/2) 2 x 0.0676, or one
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Figure 2-8. Similar Triangles Solut
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2-54. Height of Obstructions. It is
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authorized to change the name, it s
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Figure 2-12. Cells Connected in Par
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added as the cells weaken. Three un
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Figure 2-16. Construction Details f
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2-60. Wooden Towers. When it become
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11. The face of the 5-inch signal l
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average line in a triangulation sys
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3-4. Slope Measurements. The slope
Page 112 and 113: strip as close as possible to its f
Page 114 and 115: . Sight along the tops of both of t
Page 116 and 117: Column 1. Record the station number
Page 118 and 119: stake to steady it. With the back o
Page 120 and 121: Figure 3-3. DA Form 4446 (Sample of
Page 122 and 123: micrometer in this optical system i
Page 124 and 125: laterally across the front of the e
Page 126 and 127: Figure 3-7. Horizontal Circle and M
Page 128 and 129: out of adjustment. If the index mar
Page 130 and 131: (1) In order to avoid instrumental
Page 132 and 133: location of the vertical circle on
Page 134 and 135: Figure 3-13. Open Traversec. Closed
Page 136 and 137: designate the exact point of refere
Page 138 and 139: example, a line with an azimuth of
Page 140 and 141: When adjusting a traverse that star
Page 142 and 143: LESSON 3PRACTICE EXERCISEThe follow
Page 144 and 145: 11. The unit of graduation on a hor
Page 146 and 147: LESSON 3PRACTICE EXERCISEANSWER KEY
Page 148 and 149: THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLA
Page 150 and 151: differential leveling. The theodoli
Page 152 and 153: additional runs are made due to exc
Page 154 and 155: Figure 4-2. Wild N-3 Precision Leve
Page 156 and 157: (8) Loosen the azimuth clamp (13),
Page 158 and 159: 4.7. Miscellaneous Equipment. In ad
Page 160 and 161: (2) To check for gross errors in th
Page 164 and 165: Set up and level the instrument. Re
Page 166 and 167: Figure 4-8. Sun and Wind Code(5) Th
Page 168 and 169: (10) Enter the interval between the
Page 170 and 171: Figure 4-9. Closed-Circuit River Cr
Page 172 and 173: Figure 4-11. Sample DA Form 5820 (R
Page 174 and 175: is 0. When the telescope is pointed
Page 176 and 177: stations. However, since all statio
Page 178 and 179: a. Complete the heading, as shown.b
Page 180 and 181: a. (1) Enter the date, as in the sa
Page 182 and 183: LESSON 4PRACTICE EXERCISEThe follow
Page 184 and 185: 11. The maximum length of site to o
Page 186 and 187: LESSON 4PRACTICE EXERCISEANSWER KEY
Page 188 and 189: PART A - GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
Page 190 and 191: 5-7. Pseudorange. A pseudorange is
Page 192 and 193: 5-15. Number of Pseudorange Observa
Page 194 and 195: i. Probable Error Measures. The acc
Page 196 and 197: Table 5-1. Representative GPS Error
Page 198 and 199: Table 5-2. Carrier Phase Trackinga.
Page 200 and 201: exercise extreme caution in applyin
Page 202 and 203: not be designed or performed to ach
Page 204 and 205: Table 5-3. GPS-S Design, Geometry,
Page 206 and 207: f. Multiple/Repeat Baseline Connect
Page 208 and 209: possible ionospheric and tropospher
Page 210 and 211: Figures 5-4. PDOP Versus Time PlotP
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e. Field Processing and Verificatio
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All carrier phase relative-surveyin
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time spent and the cost of conducti
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movement between occupation sites,
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5-37. General. GPS baseline solutio
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(1) Receiver Time. This technique u
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NOTE: Repeated baselines should be
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5-43. Loop Closure Checks. Postproc
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necessary to determine approximate
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This will ensure that future work w
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may (and usually does) far exceed t
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important in evaluating the overall
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i. Relative GPS baseline standard e
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12. When the networking method is s
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THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLA
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FAR-77 obstructions. Aircraft-movem
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Figure 6-1. Imaginary SurfacesEN059
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Figure 6-3. Approach Surfacesa. Fed
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. Federal Aviation Regulation-77, S
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Table 6-4. Airport Obstruction Accu
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A horizontal scale of 1:12,000 and
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Figure 6-4. Sample DA Form 5821 (Ai
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Figure 6-5. Sample DA Form 5822 (PA
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