Combining health and social protection measures to reach the ultra ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Research resourcesReferences1.The Republic of Cuba has a population of 11.24 million inhabitants,75.5% of whom live in urban areas of this Caribbean island whichpossesses a tropical climate. Ministerio de Relaciones. 2007. Exteriores.Mirar a Cuba: La Isla y a su gente.www.cubaminrex.cu/Mirar_Cuba/La_isla/provincias.htm2.Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. Datos de población. República de Cuba.Source: www.one.cu/aec2004indicec2.htm3.Síntesis biográfica. Tomás Romay:www.infomed.sld.cu/romay/segundo2.html4.Lopez J.1987. Finlay: El hombre y la verdad científica.. Editorial. CientíficoTécnica5.Cabrera N. 2001. Un Finlaísta convencido - Pedro Kourí, maestro Unfinlaísta convencido. Rev Cubana Med Trop, Mayo-ago., Vol.53, No.2,p.90-96.6.Delgado G. 2000.Conferencias. En el 90 Aniversario de la fundación enCuba del primer Ministerio de Salud del Mundo. ACIMED; 8 (1): 60-63.7.Riverón R, Azcuy P. 2001. Mortalidad infantil en Cuba 1959-1999. RevCub Ped; 73 (3): 143-57.8.República de Cuba, Ministerio de Salud Pública. 2007. Estadísticas desalud en Cuba. Anuario estadístico 2006. Ciudad de la Habana.Ministerio de Salud Pública.9.Castro A, Singer M. 2004. Pearls of the Antilles? Public Health in Haytiand Cuba. Eds. Unhealthy Health Policy, A critical anthropologicalexamination. Walnut Creek. California. Altamira Press.10.Más LP. 1999. Eradication of poliomyelitis in Cuba: a historicalperspective. Bull Health Organ.; 77 (8): 681-687.11.Rico O, Bravo J, Gonzalez MO. 1994. Efectividad de la Vacuna VA-MENGOC-BC de 0 a 5 años en Cuba. Primer año de observación. RevCubana Med. Trop.; 46(2): 94-9812.Sierra GV, Campa HC, Varcacel NM, Garcia IL, Izquierdo PL, Sotolongo PF,et al. 1991. Vaccine against group B. Neisseria meinigitidis: protection trialand mass vaccination results in Cuba. NIPH Ann; 14(2): 195-207.13.Galván E, Bravo J, Castañeda C, Toledo G, González A, Delgado MG.1992. Ensayo de Campo de la vacuna recombinante cubana contra laHepatitis B (Heberbiovac-HB): estudio en recién nacidos hijos de madresAgsHB positivas. Rev Cubana Med Trop;44(2): 149-5714.Pedroso P, Rodríguez L, Díaz M. 2001. Immunogenicity of the Cubanrecombinant DNA vaccine in young adults. Infectious DiseasesReview,.3(3):138-142.15.Díaz M, Rodriguez L, Pedroso P, Bravo J, Dorta D, Sariol A. 1994.Inmunogenicidad de la vacuna cubana contra la hepatitis B (Heberbiovac-HB) administrada simultáneamente con otras vacunas del ProgramaAmpliado de Inmunización. Avances en Biotecnología Moderna;2:26.16.Verez V, Fernández V, Hardy E, Toledo ME, Rodríguez MC, Heynngnezz L,Rodríguez A, Baly A, Herrera L, Izquierdo M, Villar A, Valdés Y, Cosme K,Deler M, Montane M, García E, Ramos A, Aguilar A, Medina E, Toraño G,Sosa I, Hernández I, Martínez R, Muzachio A, Carmenates A, Costa L,Cardoso F, Campa C, Díaz M, Roy R. 2004. A Synthetic conjugatepolysaccharide vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b.Science;35:522-52517.Baly G., Toledo ME. 2004. Immunogenicity and Safety of the CubanVaccine Candidate against Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Infection.International Journal of Infectious Disease. Vol 5 Sup 1. 2004.18.Toraño G, Toledo ME, Baly A, Fernández-Santana V, Rodríguez F, Alvarez Y,Serrano T, Musachio A, Hernández I, Hardy E, Rodríguez A, Hernández H,Aguilar A, Sánchez R, Díaz M , Muzio V, Dfana J, Rodríguez MC,Heynngnezz L, Verez-Bencomo V. 2006. Phase I clinical evaluation of asynthetic oligosaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine against Haemophilusinfluenzae type b in human adult volunteers. Clin VaccineImmunol;13(9):1052-6.19.Hermida L, Bernardo L, Martin J, Alvarez M, Prado I, Lopez C, Sierra BdeL, Martinez R, Rodriguez R, Zulueta A, Perez AB, Lazo L, Rosario D,Guillen G, Guzman MG. 2006. A recombinant fusion protein containingthe domain III of the dengue-2 envelope protein is immunogenic andprotective in nonhuman primates. Vaccine. Apr 12; 24(16):3165-71.Epub 2006 Feb 3.20.Guzmán MG. Kouri G. 2002. Dengue: an update. The Lancet InfectiousDiseases. Vol. 2 :33- 42.21.Castano G, Mesa R, Fernández L, Illnait J, Mesa M, Álvarez E, et al.2003. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of policosanol withatorvastatin in elderly patients with type II hypercholesterolaemia. DrugsAging.;20(2):153-63.22.Llerena LD, Quirós JJ, Sainz B, Valdés JA, Zorio B, Villanueva LH,Filgueiras CE, Cabrera F, Echarte JC, Pérez del Todo JM, Guerrero I, LópezL, García EJ, Nadal B, Betancourt BY, Díaz-Rojo G, García AI, and López-Saura P. 2004. Angiographic potency study of an albumin-free recombinantstreptokinase formulation in acute myocardial infarction. J Pharm Sci 7[3],372-7.23.Pérez J, Pérez D, González I, Díaz M, Orta M, Aragonés C., .et al. 2004.Approaches to the management of HIV/AIDS in Cuba. Perspectives andpractice in antiretroviral treatment: Case study. Geneva: World HealthOrganization; p. 1-13.24.De la Osa JA.2007. Centro de Inmunoensayo y su tecnología SUMA.Auténtica joya de la ciencia en Cuba.www.cubaminrex.cu/Mirar_Cuba/Ciencia/ctcentro%20de%20inmunoensayo %20y%20su%20tecnologia%20suma tc.htm25.The Cuba IPV Study Collaborative Group. 2007. Randomized placebocontrolledtrial of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in Cuba. New England JMed;356:1536-44.26.Franco M, Kenelly JF, Cooper RS, Orduñez-García P. 2007. La salud enCuba y los objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio. Rev Panam Salud Publica/Pan Am J Public Health 21 (4),. 239-250.27.Sansom C. 2007.Tackling infectious diseases in Cuba. The Lancet. Vol 7.June. Pp: 376.28.Chomsky A. 2000. The treat of a good example: health and revolution inCuba. En Kim JY, Milleen JV, Irwin A, Gersham J, eds. Dying for growth:global inequality and health of the poor. Monroe, Maine: CommonCourage Press;. Pp. 331-357.29.World Health Organization. 2007. Making a difference. 30 years ofresearch and capacity building in tropical diseases. UNICEF/UNDP/WorldBank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in TropicalDiseases. ISBN 978 92 4 1595575.30.World Health Organization. 2006. Health situation analysis in the AfricaRegion. Basic Indicators 2006. WHO Regional Office for Africa .31.World Health Organization. 2007. World Health Statistics 2007. WHO.ISBN 978921563406.Global Forum Update on Research for Health Volume 4 ✜ 115
Research resourcesNursing research: meetingtoday’s health challenges –perspectives from theInternational Council of NursesArticle by Judith A Oulton (pictured) and Patricia CaldwellToday’s health systems face an ever burgeoning numberof challenges, ranging from health care reform to thedemands of shifting demographics; the growing burdenof chronic, noncommunicable diseases; emerging and reemerginghealth problems; shrinking resources; and healthworkforce shortages. The quest for quality and cost-effectivehealth care has brought evidence-based practice and nursingresearch to the forefront.This article begins by briefly exploring nursing’scontribution to health research. It highlights nursing researchpriorities and concludes with an overview on strengtheningnursing’s contribution to research and offering suggestions onthe way forward from an international perspective.Nursing’s contribution to health researchNursing research plays a major role in optimizing the healthand welfare of individuals, families, communities andpopulations, and in reducing inequalities in health. Nursingresearch encompasses inquiry into all aspects, components,activities and phenomenon relating to health and of interestto nurses 1 . It covers all facets of health and disease, spanningfrom health promotion and illness prevention, to curative,rehabilitative and supportive care 2 . Nursing research examinesthe provision of care across all health settings includinghospitals, long-term care facilities, workplaces, schools,community health centres, clinics, rehabilitation centres andhomes 3 . The knowledge generated through nursing researchprovides the scientific basis and evidence that help shapenursing practice, enhance delivery models and systems, guidehealth service planning and policy, inform education and,most importantly, improve patient safety and quality of care.Nurses are active in various aspects of research. They serveas principal investigators, project directors and co-principalinvestigators. As well they participate as advisory board andcommittee members on research projects and function as datacollectors. Nurses may work independently, together with othernurses or in multidisciplinary research teams alongside otherdisciplines such as medicine and pharmacy. Increasingly,nurses are employed by the pharmaceutical industry tocoordinate clinical trials evaluating new medications.Box 1 provides a number of examples illustrating the variedexpertise and contribution nurse researchers are making tonursing, health and health systems research.Indeed, the past decade has witnessed an exponentialgrowth in both the quantity and quality of nursing research.Its development has been influenced in part by therecognition of the importance of research to the professionand an expansion in the number of graduate and doctoralprogrammes available to nurses. A rise in the number ofinstitutions funding, supporting and conducting nursingresearch has also been a good indicator of its growth anddevelopment. Examples of such organizations include theUnited States National Institute of Nursing Research; theInternational Center for HIV/AIDS Research and ClinicalTraining in Nursing; the Research Centre for Nursing andMidwifery Practice in Australia; the Canadian Health ServicesResearch Foundation; the World Health OrganizationCollaborating Centres for Nursing Research andDevelopment; and the Working Group of European NurseResearchers. Also noteworthy is a steady increase in thenumber of high-quality journals and text books devoted tonursing research and the growth in scientific events atnational, regional and international levels. In addition, morecountries have begun developing and adopting nationalresearch plans for nursing, such is the case in Ireland andDenmark 14,15 .Nursing research prioritiesThe International Council of Nurses’ (ICN) position withrespect to nursing research is embodied in the 1987statement on the organization’s role in research andconsidered equally relevant today:“ICN is convinced of the importance of nursing research asa major contribution to meeting the health and welfare needsof people. The continuous and rapid scientific developmentsin a changing world highlight the need for research as ameans of identifying new knowledge, improving professionaleducation and practice, and effectively utilizing resources[….] ICN believes that nursing research should be sociallyrelevant. It should look to the future while drawing on the118 ✜ Global Forum Update on Research for Health Volume 4
Page 3 and 4:
Editorial Advisory Board:Luis Gabri
Page 5 and 6:
Contents096 Child immunization: acc
Page 7 and 8:
IntroductionResearch contributions
Page 9 and 10:
IntroductionType IType IIType IIIPr
Page 11 and 12:
Introductionmaking), takes account
Page 13:
Access to healthStrengthening healt
Page 16 and 17:
Access to healthTraining more healt
Page 18 and 19:
Access to healthimperative for acti
Page 20 and 21:
Access to healthReferences1.Further
Page 22 and 23:
Access to healthDeterminantsAvailab
Page 24 and 25:
Access to healthThe authors are inv
Page 26 and 27:
Access to healthCombining health an
Page 28 and 29:
Access to health100%Availability of
Page 30 and 31:
Access to healthhypothesis that an
Page 32 and 33:
Access to healthMandatory clinical
Page 34 and 35:
Access to healthWhile there are som
Page 36 and 37:
Access to healthItemDefinition/Expl
Page 38 and 39:
Access to healthReferences continue
Page 40 and 41:
Access to healthintegrating individ
Page 42 and 43:
Access to healthA social determinan
Page 44 and 45:
Access to healthemployment conditio
Page 46 and 47:
Access to healthMaking human rights
Page 48 and 49:
Access to healthResources outsideth
Page 50 and 51:
Access to healthReferences1.McCoy D
Page 52 and 53: Access to healthand financial burde
Page 54 and 55: Access to healthDiscrimination as a
Page 56 and 57: Access to health“Two months ago I
Page 58 and 59: Access to healthReferences continue
Page 60 and 61: Access to healthsocio-cultural and
Page 62 and 63: Access to healthIntergovernmental P
Page 64 and 65: Access to healthand conference stat
Page 66 and 67: Access to healthReferences continue
Page 68 and 69: InnovationTowards the development o
Page 70 and 71: InnovationMajor classificationMajor
Page 72 and 73: Innovation60% of enterprises5040302
Page 74 and 75: InnovationUsing the power ofintelle
Page 76 and 77: Innovationbe adapted - and harnesse
Page 78 and 79: InnovationFinancing of vaccine R&D-
Page 80 and 81: InnovationFinancing Ultimate Interm
Page 82 and 83: Innovationsome of this risk might b
Page 84 and 85: InnovationChild immunization:accele
Page 86 and 87: Innovationare revealing previously
Page 88 and 89: InnovationDeveloping countries % De
Page 90 and 91: Innovationcapacities. It is indeed
Page 92 and 93: InnovationSome plausible causes of
Page 94 and 95: Innovationwhere he was a programme
Page 96 and 97: Research resourcesResearch impact o
Page 98 and 99: Research resourcesBiotechnologists6
Page 100 and 101: Research resources1,61001,41,219080
Page 104 and 105: Research resources✜ A group of nu
Page 106 and 107: Research resourcesReferences1.Inter
Page 108 and 109: Research resourcesThe threat of pan
Page 110 and 111: Research resourcesChanging environm
Page 112 and 113: Research resourcesPartnerships offe
Page 114 and 115: Research resourcesWe encourage othe
Page 116 and 117: Research resources181614No. of PPPs
Page 118 and 119: Research resources12010080604020Pro
Page 120 and 121: Research resourcesCapacity strength
Page 122 and 123: Research resourcestreatment is prov
Page 124 and 125: Research resourcesSmall scale busin
Page 126 and 127: Research resourcesthis process in a
Page 128 and 129: Research resourcesways. For instanc
Page 130 and 131: Decision-making148 Delivering evide
Page 132: Decision-makingChallenges in employ
Page 136 and 137: Decision-makingUsing evidence forpo
Page 138 and 139: Decision-makingdesire to publish. T
Page 140 and 141: Decision-makingsystems development.
Page 142 and 143: Decision-makingTowards evidence-inf
Page 144 and 145: Decision-making✜ develop a critic
Page 146 and 147: Decision-makingwas prior to 2001, a
Page 148 and 149: Decision-makingGlobal and regional
Page 150 and 151: Decision-makingHigh-incomeChildrenE
Page 152 and 153:
Decision-makingLow- and middle-inco
Page 154 and 155:
Decision-makingLow- and middle-inco
Page 156 and 157:
Decision-makingthan a quarter of th
Page 158 and 159:
Decision-makingThe potentials of in
Page 160 and 161:
Decision-makingGenerally, any resea
Page 162 and 163:
Decision-makingReferences1.Hawes H.
show all

Combining health and social protection measures to reach the ultra ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?