Defining CCS Ready: An Approach to An International Definition

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CO2 Storage Ready PlantExhibit 1-6: Illustration of Graduated Levels of Requirementsfor a CO 2 Storage Ready PlantChapter 1: IntroductionComponent CCS Ready Level 1 CCS Ready Level 2 CCS Ready Level 3Storage Site SelectionVerifying Injectivity,Capacity, and Integrityof Storage SiteDesign of StorageFacilityConflicting Uses andRightsCost Estimate forStorage FacilityEnvironmental, Safety,and Other Approvalsfor Storage SitePublic Awareness andEngagement Relatedto CO2 Storage SiteSources forEquipment, Materials,and Services forStorage SiteOngoing ObligationsEstimate total amount of CO2 to becaptured and stored for all years ofCCS operation of the plant, andidentify one or more feasiblestorage sites expected toaccommodate the captured CO2.Review existing regionalprospectivity studies and showthat the required capacity istheoretically available; conductpreliminary assessment of storageintegrity and risks; and submit anoverall plan for site assessment.Prepare preliminary design forstorage facility.In addition to Level 1requirement, obtain contractualoptions to one or moreappropriate storage sites.In addition to Level 1requirement, conduct desktopstudy of injectivity, capacity,and integrity of storagelocation(s), and show that“effective” capacity isavailable.Identify any conflicting surface and subsurface uses, as well asfeasibility of access to site(s).Prepare preliminary economicanalysis for storage facility includingcapital and operation andmaintenance costs, and estimate thecost of storage for the capture plant.Identify all approvals that will needto be obtained for storage site.Notify public of eventual storagesite via web site and other actions.None.In addition to Level 2 requirement,obtain rights to one or moreappropriate storage sites.In addition to Level 2 requirement,conduct geological exploration toscreen and select specific site(s) formore detailed characterization ofaquifers, or detailed assessment ofoil/gas options; estimate “practical”capacity and conduct initial modelingof long-term reservoir behavior; andprepare Detailed Storage IntegrityRisk Assessment.Prepare technical feasibility In additional to Level 2 requirement,study for storage facility, prepare a Design Basis Memorandumincluding preliminary monitoring (DBM) for storage site facility, includingand verification plan. monitoring and verification plan.Conduct preliminaryeconomic feasibility studybased on technical feasibilitystudy, including the cost ofstorage for the capture plant.Conduct feasibility studies forobtaining all approvals forstorage site.Seek public engagement instorage site planning.Compile list of companies whocan supply equipment,materials and servicesneeded for construction andoperation of storage site.File periodic reports with regulators on status of storage ready.Resolve any issues with conflictingsurface and sub-surface uses, andsite access.In addition to Level 2 requirement,prepare follow-on economic feasibilitystudy based on technicalinformation provided in DBM.Prepare key documents for obtainingall approvals for storage site.In addition to Level 2 requirement,encourage public engagement instorage site approval process.Contact companies and negotiatenonbinding letters of intent to bid onproject.In addition to Level 2 requirement,respond to mandatory triggermechanism to develop storage sitefor injection.Source: ICF International23 February 2010 20
Chapter 2: Capture Ready Plant Definition2. Capture Ready Plant DefinitionThe definition of a Capture Ready plant focuses on identifying an appropriate location forthe plant, developing a plant design that is technically capable of retrofit, allowing sufficientspace for capture facilities, potentially pre-investing in some capture-related equipment, andensuring that any potential roadblocks (conflicting land use, environmental and otherpermits, public awareness, and identification of service providers) are recognized andaddressed. The key reason for including these elements in the definition is to allowpolicymakers, industry, and other stakeholders to avoid barriers that may prevent aneconomic transition to CCS retrofits within a reasonable timeframe. Not every jurisdictionwill have the same level of emphasis on each of these elements, but all of these issues areimportant considerations for an international definition of a Capture Ready plant. Moredetails on the proposed definition are presented below.2.1 Plant SitingThe location of a new plant is often decided early in the plant development and planningphase. The choice of the plant’s location will affect the overall technical feasibility and costof transportation and storage of the captured CO 2 . For siting a BAU plant, the issue ofCO 2 transport and storage is not a decision criterion; however, this criterion is crucial fora Capture Ready plant. The need to identify “reasonable route(s) to storage of CO 2 ” ismentioned in the IEA GHG definition, 15 although the report does not specifically addressthe issue of siting the capture plant appropriately in the first place.The need for appropriate siting is especially important for countries that are expected tohave a large number of new CO 2 -emitting facilities and a wide range of onshore andoffshore storage options. In contrast, siting of plants may be less important in jurisdictionswith small geographical area and limited or mostly offshore storage options. In these cases,pipelines to transport the captured CO 2 from plant sites to appropriate offshore locationswill go short distances to trunkline transporting CO 2 to offshore storage sites.2.2 Technical Capability of RetrofitIn addition to locating the plant appropriately, an assessment of the technical feasiblity ofconstructing the future capture facilities and integrating them with the existing plant isimportant for ensuring that the current plant being built is technically capable of futureretrofit. Without such an assessment, it is possible that the retrofit will be either infeasibleor very expensive.The types of capture technologies will be a key factor in the technical assessments.Currently, there are three major CO 2 capture technology systems:• Post-combustion capture (relevant for all fossil fuel and biomass-based plants, includingindustrial facilities such as natural gas processing, hydrogen production, and ammoniaproduction);15 Page ii of International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG). (2007a). CO2 capture ready plants(Report no. 2007/4). Cheltenham, UK: Author.23 February 2010 21
Page 1: Defining CCS Ready: AnApproach to A
Page 4 and 5: PrefacePrefaceThe Global CCS Instit
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Appendix E: Referencesfrom http://w
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Defining CCS Ready: An Approach to An International Definition

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