Defining CCS Ready: An Approach to An International Definition

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Appendix A: Summary of Reviewed Existing CCS Ready LiteratureAuthor, Year Mott MacDonald Group. (2008).Document TitleFull ReferenceElement of CCSAddressedRelevantTechnology/Plant TypeSummary ofDocumentDefinitionNeed for CCSReadyEconomicJustification forCCS ReadyCO2 capture-ready UMPPs, India.Mott MacDonald Group. (2008). CO2 capture-ready UMPPs, India. Brighton, UK: Author.Capture and storage.4,000MW coal fired plants; Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs).This report presents the results of an innovative study carried out by Mott MacDonald on behalf of theBritish Government to identify and evaluate options for making nine 4,000MW plants in India “CO2Capture-Ready.” The study makes new recommendations on the suitability of proposed coal-firedcapacity in India for capture-ready design.The concept of CO2 ‘capture-ready’ plant is to design new-build generation plants without CCS, whileavoiding the lock-in of CO2 emissions from these plants caused by technical or economic costbarriers, implying low upfront costs and unimpaired performance, and encompassing the transportand storage of CO2.*Note: the study does not imply that this is the consensus definition.At the outset this study recognises that the necessary political, financial and regulatory framework forCCS does not exist within India at present (nor in any other jurisdictions). The study argues, however,that the commercial drivers are very likely to emerge during the lifetime of the UMPPs that couldcover the relatively low costs for retrofit of CCS.Future commercial drivers are likely to emerge.Author, Year Sekar, R.C. (2005).Document TitleFull ReferenceElement of CCSAddressedRelevantTechnology/Plant TypeSummary ofDocumentDefinitionNeed for CCSReadyEconomicJustification forCCS ReadyCarbon dioxide capture from coal-fired power plants: A real options analysis.Sekar, R.C.. (2005). Carbon dioxide capture from coal-fired power plants: A real options analysis(Masters of science thesis, Massachusettes Institute of Technology: MIT LFEE 2005-002 RP).Retrieved from http://sequestration.mit.edu/pdf/LFEE_2005-002_RP.pdf.Capture.PC; IGCC baseline; IGCC with pre-investments.In this study, investments in three coal-fired power generation technologies are valued using the “realoptions” valuation methodology in an uncertain carbon dioxide (CO2) price environment.All coal-fired power plants can be retrofitted to capture CO2. So, even though the cost and technicaldifficulty to retrofit may vary greatly, all coal-fired power plants can be considered “capture-capable”.However, initial design and investment that take into consideration such future retrofit, makes thetransition easier and less expensive to accomplish. Plants that have such an initial design can beconsidered to be “capture-ready”.Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are being increasingly viewed as a problem by policy makers in theUS, and it is reasonable to expect that they may regulated in the future. Against this backdrop, itbecomes increasingly important to consider building flexibility into coal-fired power plant design suchthat they can be retrofitted efficiently, both from a technical and economic perspective, to captureCO2.A CCS Ready plant will face lower retrofit costs.23 February 2010 74
Appendix A: Summary of Reviewed Existing CCS Ready LiteratureAuthor, Year Stephens, J.C. (2005).Document TitleFull ReferenceElement of CCSAddressedRelevantTechnology/Plant TypeSummary ofDocumentDefinitionCoupling CO2 capture and storage with coal gasification: defining “sequestration-ready” IGCCStephens, J.C.. (2005). Coupling CO2 capture and storage with coal gasification:defining“sequestration-ready” IGCC (Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (BCSIA) Discussionpaper 2005-09). Cambridge, MA: Energy Technology Innovation Project, Kennedy School ofGovernment, Harvard University.Capture and storage.IGCC.This paper assesses a spectrum of progressively more involved potential requirements forincorporating consideration of CO2 capture and storage technology in the design of new IGCC powerplants. The paper first reviews the technical and economic details associated with adding CO2capture technology to the design of an IGCC power plant and then identifies and explores severalpotential CO2 capture and storage requirements with varying degrees of integration that could beincluded in a federal financing plan designed to support IGCC deployment.Although various policy proposals associated with supporting the deployment of IGCC specificallymention or allude to the capability of IGCC power-plants to capture and store CO2 in the future, theterms “sequestration-ready” or “CCS-ready” have not been defined. A minimal requirement for a“CCS-ready” IGCC power plant would include a conceptual plan for a future retrofit. This wouldrequire that future CO2 capture capability has been considered in the design of the current plant, butwould not add any significant additional costs to the plant. Additional requirements could include:additional size requirement – pre-investment; identification of an appropriate storage location, andinstallation of CO2 capture equipment without full integration.Need for CCSReadyEconomicJustification forCCS ReadyGrowing concern over the impacts of climate change has resulted in growing anticipation of US CO2regulation. Furthermore, coal plants have a 50-70 year lifetime, which means decisions in today’snew coal plants will have a large affect on future carbon emissions.n/a23 February 2010 75
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Defining CCS Ready: AnApproach to A
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PrefacePrefaceThe Global CCS Instit
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Acknowledgements and CitationsThe c
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Executive SummaryThe components spe
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Chapter 1: IntroductionJustificatio
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CO2 Transport Ready PlantExhibit 1-
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Appendix E: ReferencesInternational
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