Defining CCS Ready: An Approach to An International Definition

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Appendix A: Summary of Reviewed Existing CCS Ready LiteratureAuthor, Year Irons, R. (2007).Document TitleFull ReferenceElement of CCSAddressedRelevantTechnology/Plant TypeSummary ofDocumentDefinitionNeed for CCSReadyEconomicJustification forCCS ReadyImplications of CO2 capture-ready plants.Irons, R.. (2007). Implications of CO2 capture-ready plants. Presentation at the Third InternationalConference on Clean Coal Technologies for our Future, Sardinia, Italy. Retrieved fromhttp://www.iea-coal.org.uk/publishor/system/component_view.asp?LogDocId=81705&PhyDocId=6361.Capture, TransportIGCC and NGCC; oxy-, pre-, and post-combustion capture technologies.This presentation provides some general reasons why developers should build “capture-ready”power plants and discusses capture technology options for new plants.A CO2capture-ready power plant is a plant which can include CO2capture when the necessaryregulatory or economic drivers are in place. Avoids the risk of “stranded” assets and consequent‘carbon lock-in’.Capture ready power plants offer the possibility of adding capture at a later date so that the requiredcapacity can be built without locking-in increased CO2emissions in the long term.Opportunities for substantial economically attractive capture ready pre-investments are expected tobe limited, unless capture is expected to be retrofitted within a relatively short time after start-upAuthor, Year Lucquiaud, M. (2009).Document TitleFull ReferenceElement of CCSAddressedRelevantTechnology/Plant TypeSummary ofDocumentDefinitionNeed for CCSReadyEconomicJustification forCCS ReadyMaking New Power Plants ‘Capture Ready.’Lucquiaud, M, Chalmers, H, & Gibbons, J.. (2009). Capture-ready supercritical coal fired power plantsand flexible post-combustion CO2 capture. Energy Procedia, 1, 1411-1418.doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.185.Capture.PC.This paper explores how post-combustion capture can facilitate the concept of capture-ready plantsat limited additional cost . Furthermore, it provides three options for power cycle designs, andincludes comparisons of power loss of capture ready options.When ‘capture-ready’ (and existing non -CCR) plants are retrofitted with post-combustion capturethe capacity of the generator remains unchanged.A global strategy of cutting global emissions by around 50% by mid-century has been suggested as anappropriate response to current understanding of potential global temperature rises that are likely fordifferent stocks of CO2 in the atmosphere. It is likely that this target will be difficult or impossible to meetunless it is possible to retrofit CCS to the vast majority (and preferably all) coal plants that will be built inthe next two decades.Pulverized -coal plants can be made ‘capture-ready’ for post -combustion capture at low cost (lessthan 1% of total capital costs) using a throttled LP or floating pressure retrofit strategy.23 February 2010 72
Appendix A: Summary of Reviewed Existing CCS Ready LiteratureAuthor, Year Markusson, N, & Haszeldine, S.. (2008).Document TitleFull ReferenceElement of CCSAddressedRelevantTechnology/Plant TypeSummary ofDocumentDefinitionNeed for CCSReadyEconomicJustification forCCS ReadyHow ready is ‘capture-ready?’ - preparing the UK power sector for carbon capture and storage.Markusson, N, & Haszeldine, S.. (2008). How ready is ‘capture-ready?’ - preparing the UK powersector for carbon capture and storage. Edinburgh, Scotland: Scottish Centre for Carbon Storage(SCCS). Retrieved from http://www.wwf.org.uk/filelibrary/pdf/capture_ready_ccs.pdf.Capture.PC; IGCC; NGCC.This report examines the ‘capture ready’ concept and its application, and concludes that to becredible in enabling rapid reduction of CO2 emissions the scope of ‘capture readiness’ needs to beextended.‘Capture ready’ should be defined by its outcome, the possibility of converting to full CCS, rather thanthe intention behind the CR investment. From the point of view of climate change policy, only theoutcome matters.Steep reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is a repeatedly stated core goal of UK policy forenergy and climate change. CCS Readiness could help avoid the CO2 “lock-in” problem. Additionally,capture readiness may act as part of a regulatory strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from fossilfuelledpower generation. It could be a way of ensuring that in the future regulators will be able tolegally oblige utilities to fit capture on to the plants already built; provide a clear regulatory signal ofcapture readiness may serve to boost post-combustion capture; and a CCS requirement may alsogenerate a need for companies to prepare for and learn about CCS, and thus boost the developmentof CCS-related skills and experience in firms.n/aAuthor, Year Minchener, A. (2007).Document TitleFull ReferenceElement of CCSAddressedRelevantTechnology/Plant TypeSummary ofDocumentDefinitionNeed for CCSReadyEconomicJustification forCCS ReadyCapture ready study (draft).Minchener, A.. (2007). Capture ready study (draft). Prepared for the Energy Technology ConversionGroup of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. Retrieved fromhttp://www.icheme.org/captureready.pdf.Capture.PC; IGCC; NGCC.This study is specifically aimed at providing the outline Qualification Definitions which the regulatorswill require to determine whether or not a proposed Power Station design can be certified as“Capture Ready”.A CO2 capture ready power plant is a plant that will be able to include CO2 capture when thenecessary regulatory and/or economic drivers are in place, thereby avoiding the risk of ‘stranded’assets and consequent ‘carbon lock-in.’Without Carbon Capture and Storage or CCS, it will be near impossible to reverse the rate ofincrease of CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere, or even to keep it at a stable level. Until the use of fossilfuels is eliminated, it will be necessary to use CCS technology.It can be concluded that opportunities for substantial economically attractive capture ready preinvestmentsare unlikely, unless capture is expected to be retrofitted within a relatively short timeafter start-up of the power plant.23 February 2010 73
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Defining CCS Ready: AnApproach to A
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PrefacePrefaceThe Global CCS Instit
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Acknowledgements and CitationsThe c
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Executive SummaryThe components spe
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Executive SummaryExhibit ES-3: Illu
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Chapter 1: IntroductionDevelopers o
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Chapter 1: IntroductionJustificatio
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CO2 Transport Ready PlantExhibit 1-
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Appendix D: AcronymsNGONO XNSBTFNSP
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Appendix E: ReferencesInternational
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Appendix E: ReferencesIntergovernme
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Appendix E: ReferencesNational Coal
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Appendix E: Referencesfrom http://w
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