Defining CCS Ready: An Approach to An International Definition

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Chapter 2: Capture Ready Plant Definitionspace is essential to ensure that the capture retrofit is technically feasible and cost-effective.The amount of space required is dependent on several factors, including: 24• the type of capture technology declared as likely to be chosen (the key variable);• the size/number of the power generating units;• the input fuel for the power units;• decisions about whether the necessary CO 2 processing would be on- or off-site;• ensuring the safe storage of chemicals;• avoiding congestion on-site for safety both during construction and operation; and• future progress in developing the capture technologies, which may reduce the spacerequired for the related equipment.The need to allow for additional space is acknowledged in nearly all existing Capture Readydefinitions. In particular, the IEA GHG Capture Ready Report notes that developers ofCapture Ready plants need to allow “sufficient space and access for the additional facilitiesthat would be required.” 25 The UK CCR Guidance similarly notes that developers need todemonstrate that “sufficient space is available on or near the site to accommodate carboncapture equipment in the future,” 26 by submitting conceptual plans and supporting documents.As mentioned above, the type of capture technology that will likely be deployed in thefuture affects the amount of required space significantly. Exhibit 2-2 highlights the differencein space requirements for a 600 MW coal-based power plant that will either use an aminebasedpost-combustion capture system or an oxy-fuel-based capture system. In particular, apost-combustion capture plant on a supercritical pulverized coal plant (SCPC) requires atleast 3.8 hectares (9.4 acres) for the capture and compression plant, additional flue gascleanup equipment, water treatment, and construction space. 27 In contrast, for an oxy-fuelrecirculation retrofit, only about 2.4 hectares (5.9 acres) is needed (although the overallfootprint of an oxy-fuel power plant is greater than that of an SCPC). The estimate of spacerequirements for an oxy-fuel CO 2 capture system in Exhibit 2-2 is based on U.K. DECC’sstudy on retrofitting supercritical PC plants with oxy-fuel capture systems. 2824 Paragraph 12, page 10 of U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change (U.K. DECC). (2009a). Carbon capturereadiness (CCR): A guidance note for Section 36 Electricity Act 1989 consent applications (Publication no. URN 09D/810).London, UK: Author..25 Page ii of International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG). (2007a). CO2 capture ready plants(Report no. 2007/4). Cheltenham, UK: Author.26 U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change (U.K. DECC). (2009a). Carbon capture readiness (CCR): A guidancenote for Section 36 Electricity Act 1989 consent applications (Publication no. URN 09D/810). London, UK: Author.27 This does not include space for contractors, area for parts laydown for pre-fabricated parts, and parking vehicles—thiscould amount an additional nine hectares of space.28 Page 85 of U.K. Department of Energy & Climate Change (U.K. DECC). (2009b). Coal-fired advanced supercritical retrofitwith CO2 capture.23 February 2010 24
Chapter 2: Capture Ready Plant DefinitionExhibit 2-2: Space Requirements for CO 2 Capture Plant for a 600 MWSupercritical PC Plant 29 and Oxy-fuel CO 2 Capture SystemSupercritical PC Plant:FacilityCO2 Capture and Compression PlantFGD plant/SCR (if necessary)Water treatment, waste water tank, limestone storage, gypsum dewatering,gypsum silo, stacking tankOxy-fuel CO2 Capture System:Plot Area125m x 125m1 x (100m x 150m) or 1.5 hectare75m x 100mAir separation unit 2 x (80m x 140m)CO2 Compression Plant80m x 15mThe space requirements for a post-combustion capture plant for a NGCC plant would belarger than those of a similar capture plant at a pulverized coal-fired power station, since theflue gas from a natural gas-fired power plant has lower CO 2 molar concentration and ahigher volumetric flue gas flow rate compared with a coal-fired plant with the samegenerating capacity. 30 However, given that a BAU NGCC plant has a smaller footprint than aBAU coal plant, the percentage increase in the required footprint is greater for an NGCCrelative to a coal-based plant. Sufficient space, road access, and appropriate layout design arehigh-priority items for capture readiness, especially since many gas-fired power plants havesmaller capacities and are located closer to load centres.Many industrial facilities currently have less available land area for installation of additionalequipment for capture, so space considerations for a Capture Ready plant could be quiteimportant for these facilities. Industrial facilities’ plot space and costing are highly dependenton the flue gas flow rate, CO 2 concentrations, and the concentration of impurities in theflue gas. Some industrial facilities will be more suitable for a retrofit than others.29 Based on Aurecon’s practical experience and using different modelling tools such as Thermoflex and ASPEN PLUS.30 For example, NGCC has a CO2 molar concentration of 4% compared with 12% in the case of a plant burning black coal.23 February 2010 25
Page 1: Defining CCS Ready: AnApproach to A
Page 4 and 5: PrefacePrefaceThe Global CCS Instit
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgements and CitationsThe c
Page 8: Executive SummaryThe components spe
Page 12 and 13: Executive SummaryExhibit ES-3: Illu
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1: IntroductionDevelopers o
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1: Introductionor more, lic
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1: Introductionrelatively n
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1: IntroductionExhibit 1-3:
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1: IntroductionJustificatio
Page 25 and 26: CO2 Transport Ready PlantExhibit 1-
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2: Capture Ready Plant Defi
Page 29: Chapter 2: Capture Ready Plant Defi
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 3: Transport Ready Plant De
Page 47 and 48: 3.3.2 Environmental, Safety, and Ot
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 4: Storage Ready Plant Defi
Page 57 and 58: • Site DesignChapter 4: Storage R
Page 75 and 76: Appendix A: Summary of Reviewed Exi
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Appendix A: Summary of Reviewed Exi
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Appendix B: Technology Design Optio
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Appendix D: AcronymsAppendix D: Acr
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Appendix D: AcronymsNGONO XNSBTFNSP
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Appendix E: ReferencesInternational
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Appendix E: ReferencesIntergovernme
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Appendix E: ReferencesNational Coal
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Appendix E: Referencesfrom http://w
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