The Genom of Homo sapiens.pdf

ENSEMBL 215projects often submit their sequence to the main mRNAsection of the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ repository, andalso, some projects have an appreciable level of genomiccontamination or other small ORF-containing transcriptsthat have no similarity to known genes in other organisms.DISCUSSIONEnsembl is one of the main genome-management anddisplay systems available for users. We deliver genomeinformation in a variety of ways, from website accessthrough to complete downloads and local installations. Indoing so, we are accelerating molecular biology researchworldwide. For example, the Diabetes and InflammationLaboratory (DIL) group at the Cambridge Institute forMedical Research uses Ensembl data access to dramaticallysimplify their in-house gene and SNP discoveryprocesses. Another example is the in-house installation ofEnsembl at the Center for Human Genetics at Duke University,which allows those researchers to integrate theirwork on genetic disease discovery. Ensembl’s role here isto provide a good infrastructure for genetic and molecularbiology-based research and so free up in-house timeand effort that would otherwise be duplicated acrossmany laboratories worldwide.Ensembl also remains at the forefront of trying to understandmore aspects of the information stored ingenomes. Of particular interest are comparative genomicsapproaches which leverage the action of evolution ongenomes. We have worked extensively with ChrisPonting’s group from Oxford to provide an insight intopositive selection of particular genes in mouse and rat. Inthe future, we hope to contribute to the understanding ofmammalian cis-regulation and other features.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSEnsembl is a large multidisciplinary team, and I thankthe entire team for their effort and enthusiasm over thelast three years. Ensembl is a joint project between theEBI and the Sanger Insitute and is predominantly fundedby the Wellcome Trust, with additional funding from theNational Institutes of Health–National Institute of Allergicand Infectious Diseases and EMBL.REFERENCESClamp M., Andrews D., Barker D., Bevan P., Cameron G., ChenY., Clark L., Cox T., Cuff J., Curwen V., Down T., Durbin R.,Eyras E., Gilbert J., Hammond M., Hubbard T., Kasprzyk A.,Keefe D., Lehvaslaiho H., Iyer V., Melsopp C., Mongin E.,Pettett R., Potter S., and Rust A., et al. 2003. Ensembl 2002:Accommodating comparative genomics. Nucleic Acids Res.31: 38.Guigó R., Dermitzakis E.T., Agarwal P., Ponting C.P., Parra G.,Reymond A., Abril J.F., Keibler E., Lyle R., Ucla C., AntonarakisS.E., and Brent M.R. 2003. Comparison of mouseand human genomes followed by experimental verificationyields an estimated 1,019 additional genes. Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. 100: 1140.Lander E.S., Linton L.M., Birren B., Nusbaum C., Zody M.C.,Baldwin J., Devon K., Dewar K., Doyle M., FitzHugh W.,Funke R., Gage D., Harris K., Heaford A., Howland J., KannL., Lehoczky J., LeVine R., McEwan P., McKernan K.,Meldrim J., Mesirov J.P., Miranda C., Morris W., and NaylorJ., et al. (International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium).2001. Initial sequencing and analysis of the humangenome. Nature 409: 860.Waterston R.H., Lindblad-Toh K., Birney E., Rogers J., AbrilJ.F., Agarwal P., Agarwala R., Ainscough R., AlexanderssonM., An P., Antonarakis S.E., Attwood J., Baertsch R., BaileyJ., Barlow K., Beck S., Berry E., Birren B., Bloom T., BorkP., Botcherby M., Bray N., Brent M.R., Brown D.G., andBrown S.D., et al. (Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium).2002. Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of themouse genome. Nature 420: 520.