Clinical Manual for Management of the HIV-Infected ... - myCME.com

5–42 | Clinical Manual for Management of the HIV-Infected Adult/2006
A: Assessment
The differential diagnosis of pulmonary symptoms is
broad (Table 1). Both HIV-related and HIV-unrelated
causes should be considered; the patient’s risk of HIVrelated
causes is strongly influenced by the CD4 count.
More than 1 cause of symptoms may be present.
Table 1. Partial Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Symptoms
CD4 Cell Count Possible Cause
Any Count • Upper respiratory tract illness
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Upper respiratory tract infection (URI)
Sinusitis
Pharyngitis
Acute or chronic bronchitis
Bacterial pneumonia
TB
Influenza
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Reactive airway disease, asthma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Pulmonary embolus
Congestive heart failure
Pulmonary hypertension
Pneumothorax
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Anemia
Gastroesophageal reflux (may cause cough)
Lactic acidosis
Medication adverse effect