Clinical Manual for Management of the HIV-Infected ... - myCME.com

Difficulty
Chewing or
Swallowing or
Sore Mouth and
Throat
•
•
•
•
•
Choose soft, nutritious foods.
Blend or puree foods (eg, soup or stew, smoothies).
Add cream sauces, butter, or gravy for lubrication.
Sip liquids with foods.
Use a straw or drink foods from a cup.
Section 2—Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention | 2–11
•
•
•
•
Choose bland, low-acid foods.
If hot foods cause pain, serve foods cold or at room
temperature.
Avoid alcohol and tobacco.
Soothing lozenges or sprays may help.
Food Insecurity • Refer to social services for assistance with accessing
• Refer to a dietitian for assistance with low-cost food ideas.
resources such as food stamps, community meals, or a food
pantry program.
• Use materials at http://www.cheapcooking.com/index.htm
Unbalanced Diet
and/or Other
Conditions
Requiring
Dietary
Modification
Nutrition Specialists
• Refer to a dietitian for counseling and education.
• Use materials at http://www.mypyramid.gov to assist with
general counseling about dietary adequacy, balance, and
portion size.
Whenever possible, nutritional services should be
provided by a registered dietitian (RD) who is a
qualified HIV care provider. In the United States,
holding this status requires a nutrition degree from
an accredited college, graduation from an approved
internship or master’s degree program, and maintenance
with 75 continuing-education units every 5 years,
including specific and ongoing HIV training. An RD
with HIV/AIDS expertise in the United States can be
located by going to http://www.eatright.org, clicking on
“Find a Nutrition Professional,” entering the patient’s
zip code or city, and selecting “HIV/AIDS” under areas
of specialty. Membership in the HIV/AIDS Dietetic
Practice Group (http://www.hivaidsdpg.org) also may
indicate HIV experience.
Resources
The following online resources were referenced in this
chapter:
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2000 CDC Growth Charts: United States. CDC,
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/.
Anthropometric Reference Data and Prevalence of
Overweight: United States, 1976-80. Najjar, M. F.,
Rowland, M. October 1987. 84 pp. PB91-213033.
PC A05 MF A01. CDC, National Center for
Health Statistics. National Health Survey, Series 11,
No. 238. Tables 31-41. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/
products/pubs/pubd/series/sr11/240-221/240-221.
htm.
Body Mass Index Home. CDC, Division of
Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for
Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
Online calculators for calculating BMI in adults,
children, and teens. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/
dnpa/bmi/index.htm.
CheapCooking.com. Web site with recipes using
low-cost ingredients and tips for frugal meal
planning. http://www.cheapcooking.com.
HIV/AIDS Dietetic Practice Group. Affiliate of the
American Dietetic Association. Web site includes
screening tool, Nutrition Screen and Referral
Criteria for Adults (18+ Years) with HIV/AIDS.
http://www.hivaidsdpg.org.
MyPyramid.gov. U.S. Department of Agriculture
Web site with dietary guidelines, tips, resources,
and consumer-oriented information.http://www.
mypyramid.gov.