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128APPENDICESSummative or Outcome EvaluationThis stage of evaluation identifies the “sowhat?” of programs in terms of short-termand intermediate-term outcomes. Outcomeevaluations, also called “impact evaluation,”determine if the effects can be attributedto the program and may examine variousshort-term impacts, such as changes inparticipant knowledge, attitudes, beliefs orbehaviors.MonitoringThis form of evaluation examines theimplementation of planned interventions.This can include ongoing data trackingrelated to programs or policies. Forexample, environmental monitoringinvolves systematic collection of measuresto characterize system changes in thequality of the environment such as air, soilor water quality indicators 2 . Public healthlaw and policy monitoring involves the“ongoing, systematic collection, analysis,interpretation and dissemination ofinformation about a given body of publichealth laws and policy.” 3SurveillanceThis involves the ongoing, systematiccollection, analysis and interpretationof health outcome-specific data in orderto plan, implement and evaluate publichealth interventions 4 . Community healthassessments may involve collectingbaseline data that is then repeated insurveillance, such as the Youth RiskBehavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). Infarm to school, surveillance can includeongoing data on different outcomes to plancross-site approaches.• Community Food Security Assessment Toolkit, 2002USDA’s Economic Research Service. This report providesa toolkit of standardized measurement tools for assessingvarious aspects of community food security, including foodavailability and affordability, food resource accessibility andcommunity food production resources.• Whole Measures for Community Food Systems, 2009 —Community Food Security Coalition’s guide to values-basedplanning and evaluation.• Program Evaluation Strategic Planning Kit for School HealthPrograms, 2008Developed by the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention’s Division of Adolescent and School Health(DASH), this toolkit provides evaluation technical assistanceon developing a strategic plan that includes evaluation forschool-based health promotion programs.• The Logic Model Guidebook: Better Strategies for GreatResults (2 nd Edition), 2013Lisa Wyatt Knowlton and Cynthia C. Phillips examine logicmodels in relation to programs and organizational initiatives.Sage Publications. See Chapters 1-4 here: http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/50363_ch_1.pdf.• Community Schools Evaluation Toolkit, 2009The Coalition for Community Schools designed this toolkitto help community schools evaluate their success and planfuture efforts.• Impact Evaluation Handbook, 2010–2011Network for a Healthy California. A guidebook thatincludes multiple data entry templates, planning templatesand surveys.• Evaluating Community Programs and Initiatives and theEvaluating the Initiative Toolkit, updated 2013Community Toolbox, a service of the Work Group forCommunity Health and Development at the University ofKansas. This toolkit provides guidance on evaluating schoolsites with a community-level approach.• A Guidebook to Strategy Evaluation —Evaluating YourCity’s Approach to Community Safety and Youth ViolencePrevention, 2008This guide, while focused on youth violence prevention,offers a different perspective called “strategy evaluation,”which emphasizes evaluating an overall strategy toward agiven outcome, rather than specific program elements.EVALUATION FOR TRANSFORMATION