90 CHAPTER 05: CONCLUSION AND NEXT STEPSpractitioners in evaluation.In practice, there are many challenges to establishingbaseline program evaluation efforts, attainingconsistency across these efforts, and connectingprogram evaluation with research. Several nationalorganizations engaged in farm to school activities, aswell as states with farm to school grant programs aretackling these challenges. Consistent and commonlanguage and methodology used across all theseefforts will build and support each other, and thefarm to school field. Program practitioners wouldadditionally benefit from, and overall data collectionwill consistently improve, with a generic logic modelor theory of change for farm to school core andsupporting elements.ConclusionFarm to school is rapidly evolving andinstitutionalizing at local, county, state and federallevels. It is likely that the outcomes and indicatorsidentified in this framework will not remain static,but rather evolve, as our shared understanding offarm to school activities and policies advances.This evaluation framework should be viewed as aliving document, which charts the course for thefuture of farm to school implementation, evaluationand research. To remain relevant to the variousstakeholders it seeks to benefit, the content of theevaluation framework will need to be periodicallyfield-tested and amended to reflect new knowledgein farm to school theory, practice and policy.Until the development of these models, program sitesare encouraged to use the provided templates andtools in this framework to consistently articulate andevaluate farm to school activities across the country.Additional resources for evaluating farm to schoolactivities are listed in Appendix 1, as well as availableonline through the National Farm to School Networkrepository of evaluation tools and resources.Capacity building for farm to school research andevaluationBecause farm to school outcomes span across thesectors of public health, community economicdevelopment, education and environmental quality,there are few academic programs or agencies thatfocus their efforts exclusively on this topic. Strategicactivities that would build national capacity toconduct research and evaluation in this field include:regular national meetings bringing together keyresearchers that are engaged in farm to school;focused <strong>web</strong>inars to share recommended tools,findings and emerging research topics; matchmakingbetween program sites that seek evaluation andresearchers looking for study sites; mentoring ofearly career entrants in farm to school research;and fellowships and monetary awards to stimulatedoctoral-level studies in the field of farm to school.EVALUATION FOR TRANSFORMATION
CHAPTER 05: CONCLUSION AND NEXT STEPS91Table 26: Summary of Priority Outcomes, Indicators and MeasuresProgram LevelSector Public HealthPriorityOutcomeStudents and their families access locally produced, healthy food through schoolsIndicator(s)Measures1: Student access to local, healthy foods inschools1.1 Number of students participating in, orexposed to, farm to school activities, such asschool gardening, cooking, nutrition and foodbasedlessons1.2 Food preparation strategies used to increaselocal food availability, accessibility or appeal oflocal, healthy foods, including use of culturallyappropriate foods in schools1.3 Food serving strategies used to increase line ofsight, accessibility and appeal of healthy, localfoods, including use of culturally appropriatefoods2: Family and adult access to local, healthy foods fromfarm to school program activities2.1Number of parent or care-giver participantsparticipating in farm to school activities, such asafter-school programs, garden volunteers, field trips,nutrition and food-based learning, etc.2.2 Number and type of nutrition, food-based oragriculture-based learning materials sent home orshared with other community adults2.3 Number and types of ways procuring local foods isconnected to garden and/or educational activities inthe home and community1.4 The number of ways procuring local foodsis connected to garden and/or educationalactivities in the school2.4 Number and types of adults (i.e., teachers, parents orcare givers, community partners, staff) engaged in thedesign and implementation of food preparation andserving strategies1.5 Increase in the percentage of total free andreduced-meal eligible children participating inschool meal programs when farm to schoolactivities are present1.6 Increase in use of local, healthy foods inschool and outside of school meal programs,including breakfast, lunch, snacks, Departmentof Defense fresh produce program, summerand after school programs1.7 Number of students directly engaged inthe design and implementation of the foodpreparation and food-serving strategies inMeasures 1.2 and 1.31.8 Number of children directly involved in farmto school (students, teachers, administrators,farmers, food service) engaged in the designand implementation of farm to schoolactivities1.9 Number of students trained and participatingin youth action research to help evaluate orassess impact of farm to school programs inpublic health measures such as food access,food literacy, etc.2.5 Number of adults directly involved in farm to school(students, teachers, administrators, farmers, foodservice) engaged in the design and implementation offarm to school activities2.6 Increased support and technical assistance forstudents and their families to grow and prepare theirown foodNATIONAL FARM TO SCHOOL NETWORK
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- Page 113 and 114: 105ReferencesChapter 11. Joshi, A.,
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- Page 127 and 128: 11910. Fusco, D. Creating relevant
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APPENDICES145• Amount of acres se