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66 CHAPTER 04: PRIORITY OUTCOMES, INDICATORS AND MEASURESProgram Outcome: Increase food literacy instudents and staffFood literacy is a content area that can enrichunderstanding of science, health and language arts.This outcome supports other prioritized outcomesin public health and aligns with outcomes inenvironmental quality. While teaching food literacyis not unique to farm to school activities, food- andfarm-based education and gardening activities aredesigned to help students, staff and even families learnabout local foods, where food comes from, and howit is grown. Documenting the extent to which differenttypes and combinations of farm to school educationand gardening activities result in food literacy can helpprogram coordinators and evaluators fine-tune theirapproach.The indicators and measures at the program level thatsupport increases in student and adult food literacy arecentered on documenting levels of participation andways individuals are engaged.• Measures 2.1–2.5: Ways a program coordinator,or educator, can document what they are doing inrelation to food literacy for students.• Measures 3.1–3.2: Ways the site involves adults infarm to school activities related to food literacy.Research Outcome: Farm to school activitiessupport student educational successThe farm to school field needs a better understandingof how farm to school activities can enhance theschool learning environment and related measuresof educational success, and hence it has beenincluded as a research level outcome. This outcomeis intended to align with multiple concepts thatthe Association for Supervision and CurriculumDevelopment (ASCD) set forth in their “whole child”platform to support healthy school communities 46 .Table 17Program Outcome: Increase food literacy in students and adults in schoolsIndicator 1: Increase in student and staff knowledge about food and its impact on their health.Measure 1.1: Number of teachers integrating curriculum designed to improve food literacyMeasure 1.2: Number of teachers using culturally appropriate curriculum, including recipes that align with diversestudent ethnic or cultural heritageMeasure 1.3: Number of students participating in farm to school activities designed to improve food literacyMeasure 1.4: Number of hours, frequency, sequence of curriculum (i.e., grade level) and type of learning opportunitiesstudents receive in each subject area focused on food literacy in the classrooms, outdoor learningenvironments and eating areasMeasure 1.5: Number and types of ways that food literacy lessons or activities are occurring across the schoolenvironment, such as in gardens, classrooms and cafeteriasIndicator 2: Increase in school adult knowledge about food and its impact on healthMeasure 2.1: Number and types of ways adults in the schools are involved in training, activities or other learningexperiences related to food literacyMeasure 2.2: Number and methods of incorporating farm to school activities in school employee wellness policy effortsrelated to a healthy dietEVALUATION FOR TRANSFORMATION
CHAPTER 04: PRIORITY OUTCOMES, INDICATORS AND MEASURES67Table 18Research Outcome: Farm to school activities support student educational successIndicator 1: Student readiness to learnMeasure 1.1: Student participation in school breakfast programs when farm to school activities are conducted withbreakfastIndicator 2: Student engagement and academic behaviorsMeasure 2.1: Changes in classroom attendance numbers or consistency during farm to school activity days or modulesMeasure 2.2: Student participation during farm to school activity days or modulesMeasure 2.3: Student classroom disturbances while participating in farm to school activitiesMeasure 2.4: Increased demonstration of leadership and initiative in students who have access to training and supportthrough farm to school activities and opportunitiesIndicator 3: Student academic mindsetMeasure 3.1: Feeling of success at completing farm to school activitiesMeasure 3.2: The degree to which students value the work undertaken to complete farm to school related assignmentsMeasure 3.3: Belief in self-ability and competence to complete and demonstrate leadership in farm to schoolrelated assignmentsMeasure 3.4: Sense of belonging in the classroom/outdoor learning environmentMeasure 3.5: Self-esteem while completing farm to school activitiesIndicator 4: Student academic competency gainsMeasure 4.1: Student content area test scores in relation to farm to school activities used to teach those subjects (i.e.,math, science, language arts)Measure 4.2: Student course grades in relation to farm to school activities used to teach those subjects (i.e., math, science,language arts)Measure 4.3: Students’ ability to identify and claim ownership of practical experience, including planning, organizing,implementation and evaluation of farm to school initiativesAbove: Recommended program element(s) needed for this outcome: procurement, food-based education and/or schoolgardeningPrevious Page: Recommended program element(s) needed for this outcome: food-based education and/or school gardeningSee Appendix 5 for a listing of evaluation tools.NATIONAL FARM TO SCHOOL NETWORK
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VForewordDespite the investments ma
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VIILyn Kathlene®°Megan Kemple®°
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101IntroductionImage created by att
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CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION3approaches
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CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION5Policy-Lev
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8CHAPTER 02: BACKGROUNDThe Evolutio
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Page 113 and 114: 105ReferencesChapter 11. Joshi, A.,
Page 115 and 116: 10746. Langellotto, G.A., Gupta, A.
Page 117 and 118: 10918. Schneider, L., Chriqui, J.,
Page 119 and 120: 11112. Mary, P.D.S., Karen, M., Kap
Page 121 and 122: 11360. Zarling, P. When farm-to-sch
Page 123 and 124: 115103. Story, M., Neumark-Sztainer
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11736. Eisner, R., Foster, S., Hans
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11910. Fusco, D. Creating relevant
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12158. Vermont Law School, Center f
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12352. Physicians for Social Respon
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12506Appendices
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APPENDICES127Appendix 1Evaluation R
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APPENDICES129• Evaluation Plannin
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APPENDICES131Appendix 2Farm to Scho
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APPENDICES133procurement and a guid
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APPENDICES135Farm to School Core El
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APPENDICES137Appendix 3 References1
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APPENDICES139Appendix 5Sample Evalu
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APPENDICES141• Healthy Eating, Ac
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APPENDICES143Appendix 6Ideas for Fu
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APPENDICES145• Amount of acres se
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