128APPENDICESSummative or Outcome EvaluationThis stage of evaluation identifies the “sowhat?” of programs in terms of short-termand intermediate-term outcomes. Outcomeevaluations, also called “impact evaluation,”determine if the effects can be attributedto the program and may examine variousshort-term impacts, such as changes inparticipant knowledge, attitudes, beliefs orbehaviors.MonitoringThis form of evaluation examines theimplementation of planned interventions.This can include ongoing data trackingrelated to programs or policies. Forexample, environmental monitoringinvolves systematic collection of measuresto characterize system changes in thequality of the environment such as air, soilor water quality indicators 2 . Public healthlaw and policy monitoring involves the“ongoing, systematic collection, analysis,interpretation and dissemination ofinformation about a given body of publichealth laws and policy.” 3SurveillanceThis involves the ongoing, systematiccollection, analysis and interpretationof health outcome-specific data in orderto plan, implement and evaluate publichealth interventions 4 . Community healthassessments may involve collectingbaseline data that is then repeated insurveillance, such as the Youth RiskBehavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). Infarm to school, surveillance can includeongoing data on different outcomes to plancross-site approaches.• Community Food Security Assessment Toolkit, 2002USDA’s Economic Research Service. This report providesa toolkit of standardized measurement tools for assessingvarious aspects of community food security, including foodavailability and affordability, food resource accessibility andcommunity food production resources.• Whole Measures for Community Food Systems, 2009 —Community Food Security Coalition’s guide to values-basedplanning and evaluation.• Program Evaluation Strategic Planning Kit for School HealthPrograms, 20<strong>08</strong>Developed by the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention’s Division of Adolescent and School Health(DASH), this toolkit provides evaluation technical assistanceon developing a strategic plan that includes evaluation forschool-based health promotion programs.• The Logic Model Guidebook: Better Strategies for GreatResults (2 nd Edition), 2013Lisa Wyatt Knowlton and Cynthia C. Phillips examine logicmodels in relation to programs and organizational initiatives.Sage Publications. See Chapters 1-4 here: http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/50363_ch_1.pdf.• Community Schools Evaluation Toolkit, 2009The Coalition for Community Schools designed this toolkitto help community schools evaluate their success and planfuture efforts.• Impact Evaluation Handbook, 2010–2011Network for a Healthy California. A guidebook thatincludes multiple data entry templates, planning templatesand surveys.• Evaluating Community Programs and Initiatives and theEvaluating the Initiative Toolkit, updated 2013Community Toolbox, a service of the Work Group forCommunity Health and Development at the University ofKansas. This toolkit provides guidance on evaluating schoolsites with a community-level approach.• A Guidebook to Strategy Evaluation —Evaluating YourCity’s Approach to Community Safety and Youth ViolencePrevention, 20<strong>08</strong>This guide, while focused on youth violence prevention,offers a different perspective called “strategy evaluation,”which emphasizes evaluating an overall strategy toward agiven outcome, rather than specific program elements.EVALUATION FOR TRANSFORMATION
APPENDICES129• Evaluation Planning Matrix Template, 20<strong>08</strong>Evaluators may find developing an evaluation planin addition to using logic models helpful. This isone sample from the New York State Departmentof Health.• Spectrum of Prevention frameworkThis framework is useful for programs usingcommunity-wide approaches.Farm to School Surveillance Resources:These resources are useful for external evaluators orresearchers who want to build on evaluation effortsfor cross-site studies at the research level across thefour sectors.• The State of Farm to School in San Diego County, 2013San Diego County Farm to School Taskforce.An example of a comprehensive, county-widebaseline assessment.• The Farm to School Census, 2013The United States Department of Agriculture, Foodand Nutrition Service surveyed the prevalenceof farm to school in the U.S. and will repeat thecensus in spring 2015.Public Health: School and Community ProgramEvaluation Resources• Sample farm to school grant reporting documentsin states that have grant money allocations and/or additional reimbursements includes examplesof tracking the number of students exposed tofarm to school activities, the number of parentparticipants, and the increase in the use of localfoods in school meal programs. See California,Illinois, Maine, Michigan, North Carolina, New York,Ohio, Montana, Pennsylvania, Texas, Washington,D.C., Wisconsin, West Virginia, Oregon, Vermontand Alaska for examples 5 .• Measurement resources from Cornell University’sOffice for Research on EvaluationThis compendium of resources includesmeasurements of fruit and vegetable consumption,food knowledge and food preparation skills.• Case study evaluation reports of farm to schoolprograms often include appendices of studentfood attitude surveys, such as the 2012 WisconsinYear One Report or Washington’s farm to schoolsurvey for students.• The Spectrum of PreventionA framework that the public health field has appliedto change social norms, such as creating healthyeating and active living environments.Community Economic Development EvaluationResources• Sample farm to school program grant reportingdocuments in states that have grant moneyallocations and/or additional reimbursements;includes examples of tracking the type of products,number of products and changes in local vendorsin school meal programs. See California, Illinois,Maine, Michigan, North Carolina, New York, Ohio,Montana, Pennsylvania, Texas, Washington, D.C.,Wisconsin, West Virginia, Oregon, Vermont andAlaska 5 .Education: Food, Garden and Food SystemEducation Evaluation Resources• The Center for Ecoliteracy resources page has alist of books and journals for educators interestedin environmental literacy, place-based education,teaching the food system and other farm to schoolrelevant literature.Environmental Quality: Environmental EducationProgram Evaluation Resources• Measuring Environmental Education Outcomes, 20<strong>14</strong>The Environmental Education Capacity educationtraining program sponsored by the EnvironmentalProtection Agency, led by Cornell University CivicEcology Lab, the North American Association forEnvironmental Education and other partners. Thisguidebook walks through the basics of programevaluation within an environmental educationcontext, including examples of different shortandlong-term outcomes and ways to measurethem. NAAEE <strong>web</strong>site: http://www.naaee.net/publications.NATIONAL FARM TO SCHOOL NETWORK
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- Page 127 and 128: 11910. Fusco, D. Creating relevant
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