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To present the first case of vinyl chloride related hepatic angiosarcomain Australia. A 51 year old male caucasian former polyvinyl chlorideautoclave cleaner in an Australian chemical plant developed hepaticangiosarcoma, presenting 15 years after his last exposure to vinylchloride monomer. He developed encephalopathy and died in oliguric renalfailure 21 days after admission to hospital. Hepatic angiosarcoma maydevelop in other workers similarly exposed. [Riordan SM et al; Med J Aust155 (2): 125-8 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**The cohort consisted of 10,173 men who had worked for at least one year injobs involving exposure to vinyl chloride prior to 1 January 1973. Thesemen were employed at 37 plants in the U.S., belonging to 17 companies.Observation of the mortality experience of the cohort was updated from 31December 1972 to 31 December 1982 (the study now covering 1942-1982). Atotal of 1,536 cohort members were identified as having died. The observedmortality, by cause, was compared with the expected based on U.S.mortality rates, standardized for age, race, and calendar time. Analysesby length of exposure, latency, age at first exposure, calendar year offirst exposure, and type of products were performed. The study confirmedthat the vinyl chloride workers experience a significant mortalityexcesses in angiosarcoma (15 deaths), cancer of the liver and biliarytract (SMR = 641), and cancer of the brain and other CNS (SMR = 180). Inaddition, the study also found a significant mortality excess inemphysema/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (SMR = 179). On the otherhand, the study did not find any excess in either respiratory cancer orlymphatic and hematopoietic cancer. This study also found an increase inbiliary tract cancers, independent from liver cancer. [Wong O et al; Am JInd Med 20 (3): 317-34 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**Increased levels of chromosomal abnormalities, compared to controlpopulations, were found in workers exposed to high levels of vinylchloride but not in workers exposed to less than 13 mg/cu m (5 ppm). [WHO;Environmental Health Criteria 215: Vinyl Chloride p. 223 (1999)]**PEERREVIEWED**An investigation into reproductive function in 2736 workers exposed tovinyl chloride in 13 PVC factories and 3442 workers in other factories notexposed to vinyl chloride showed no significant differences inreproductive outcome. However, in the female exposed group, the incidenceof pregnancy complication was significantly higher than that of thecontrol group, suggesting that vinyl chloride may effect the pregnancyprocess in female workers. [WHO; Environmental Health Criteria 215: VinylChloride p. 199 (1999)]**PEER REVIEWED**In patients with chronic occupational exposure, neurological disturbancesinclude sensory-motor polyneuropathy, trigeminal sensory neuropathy,slight pyramidal signs and cerebellar and extrapyramidal motor disorders.Psychiatric disturbances included neurasthenic or depressive syndromes.Sleeplessness and loss of sexual functions were frequently encountered.pathological EEG alterations were found in a high proportion of patients.[WHO; Environmental Health Criteria 215: Vinyl Chloride p. 196(1999)]**PEER REVIEWED**DNA damage & the formation of stable carcinogen-DNA adducts areconsidered critical events in the initiation of the carcinogenic process.This study was carried out to assess whether exposure of plastics industry
workers to the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) for different periods of timewould cause DNA damage, using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)technique. Levels of DNA damage was assessed by both extent of DNAmigration & numbers of DNA damaged spots in the peripheral bloodlymphocytes from 32 plastics workers with different periods of exposure toVCM; they were evaluated by comparison with a group of non-exposedindividuals. It was found that plastics workers who were exposed to VCMfor different periods of time showed significantly increased levels of DNAdamage compared with the non-exposed subjects. There was a significantcorrelation between the severity of DNA damage & duration of exposure.However, no significant correlation was found between the age of allsubjects & DNA damage. Concns of VCM in the air inside the factorywere found to be significantly higher than values in non-exposed areas,despite being lower than the threshold limit value (TLV). Our resultsencourage the application of SCGE as a sensitive, simple, fast &useful technique in the regular health screening of workers occupationallyexposed to VCM (even at concns below the TLV) to assess the possibility ofany DNA damage. [Awara WM et al; Toxicology 128 (1): 9-16 (1998)]**PEERREVIEWED**N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (2-hydroxyethyl mercapturic acid,HEMA) is a urinary metabolite of several hazardous chemicals, includingvinyl chloride (VC), ethylene oxide (EO), & ethylene dibromide (EDB).Information about the levels of HEMA in the general population is usefulfor assessing human exposures to HEMA parent cmpds, including VC, EO,& EDB. To establish reference range concns for HEMA, we analyzed urinesamples from 412 adult participants in the Third National Health &Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) by using isotope-dilutionhigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS). HEMA was detected in 71% of the samples examined.Creatinine-corrected concns ranged from < 0.68 ug/g creatinine to 58.7microg/g creatinine; the 95th percentile concn was 11.2 ug/g creatinine;& the geometric mean & median creatinine-corrected concns wereboth 1.6 ug/g creatinine. We observed a statistically significantdifference (P=0.0001) in the creatinine-corrected geometric mean concnvalues of HEMA between smokers (2.8 ug/g creatinine) & nonsmokers (1.1ug/g creatinine). The high levels of HEMA seen among smokers likelyoriginated from HEMA-producing chemicals known to be present in tobaccosmoke. [Calafat AM et al; J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 9 (4): 336-342(1999)]**PEER REVIEWED**/The authors/ investigated whether exposure to ethylene dichloride (EDC)& vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) resulted in increased risk of liverdamage. Epidemiological information, including occupational, medical,smoking, & drinking history, was obtained by interview from 251 maleworkers. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), & gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were used as indicators ofliver damage. Exposure to moderate or low levels of ECD & VCM resultedin a higher risk of developing abnormal ALT levels than did exposure tolower levels of the chemicals. Results were similar for AST. GGT was notassociated with EDC or VCM exposure. Combined exposure to EDC & VCMshowed a dose-response relationship in association with abnormal ALTlevels. ... Relatively low concns of VCM & EDC cause liver damage.[Cheng TJ et al; J Occup Environ Med 41 (12): 1128-1133 (1999)]**PEERREVIEWED**OBJECTIVES: To determine if there is an increased risk of admission to
Page 1: The following information was gener
Page 5 and 6: ... ANOREXIA, ... ALLERGIC DERMATIT
Page 7 and 8: cancer. Many of the workers had bee
Page 9 and 10: personnel records of nine chemical
Page 11 and 12: worker consumed more than a very lo
Page 13: (1): 37-45 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Page 17 and 18: skin cancer could bear some relatio
Page 19 and 20: N-5'-alkylpurine (AP) endonucleases
Page 21 and 22: Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979
Page 23 and 24: LIFE SUPPORT:oThis overview assumes
Page 25 and 26: exposure circumstance entails expos
Page 27 and 28: for carcinogenicity in human epidem
Page 29 and 30: Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: W
Page 31 and 32: exposure groups did not differ from
Page 33 and 34: in vivo. [Barbin A; IARC 150: 303-1
Page 35 and 36: developed to localize the promutage
Page 37 and 38: WORKERS. THE VALUE OBTAINED WERE IN
Page 39 and 40: (2): 259 (1977)]**PEER REVIEWED**Af
Page 41 and 42: y 1 mg/cu m of either /cmpd/ separa
Page 43 and 44: (1980) as cited in USEPA; Health an
Page 45 and 46: (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**ENVIRONMENT
Page 47 and 48: The Koc of vinyl chloride is estima
Page 49 and 50: REVIEWED**SEDIMENT/SOIL CONCENTRATI
Page 51 and 52: Fugitive emission sources; (3) Leak
Page 53 and 54: BOILING POINT:-13.3 deg C [Lide, D.
Page 55 and 56: Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Pr
Page 57 and 58: Reactivity: 2. 2= This degree inclu
Page 59 and 60: Vinyl chloride/ decomposes on burni
Page 61 and 62: available./ ... Safety pipettes sho
Page 63 and 64: Analytical procedures ... should be
Page 65 and 66:
equipment. [Association of American
Page 67 and 68:
done without undue risk. Use water
Page 69 and 70:
Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swa
Page 71 and 72:
673-6121; Production site: Geismar,
Page 73 and 74:
91% FOR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE [Kavaler
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halogen-specific detector for the a
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phthalate esters, detectable levels
Page 79 and 80:
USEPA; Drinking water Criteria Docu
Page 81 and 82:
ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION:HAZARDOU
Page 83:
Field Update on 01/15/1990, 1 field
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