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destruction ... is seldom known ... but 1-2 days is generally consideredsufficient when freshly prepd reagent is used. ... Carcinogens that areeasily oxidizable can be destroyed with milder oxidative agents, such assat soln of potassium permanganate in acetone, which appears to be asuitable agent for destruction of hydrazines or of compounds containingisolated carbon-carbon double bonds. Concn or 50% aqueous sodiumhypochlorite can also be used as an oxidizing agent. /ChemicalCarcinogens/ [Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L.Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.).Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARCScientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency forResearch on Cancer, 1979.16]**PEER REVIEWED**PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Carcinogens that are alkylating, arylatingor acylating agents per se can be destroyed by reaction with appropriatenucleophiles, such as water, hydroxyl ions, ammonia, thiols &thiosulfate. The reactivity of various alkylating agents varies greatly... & is also influenced by sol of agent in the reaction medium. Tofacilitate the complete reaction, it is suggested that the agents bedissolved in ethanol or similar solvents. ... No method should be applied... until it has been thoroughly tested for its effectiveness & safetyon material to be inactivated. For example, in case of destruction ofalkylating agents, it is possible to detect residual compounds by reactionwith 4(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. /Chemical Carcinogens/ [Montesano, R., H.Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L. Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B.Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.). Handling Chemical Carcinogens inthe Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARC Scientific Publications No. 33.Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979.17]**PEERREVIEWED**A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperaturerange of 450 to 980 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids andgases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for rotary kilnincineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 deg C and residencetimes of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. [USEPA;Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration p.3-11 (1981) EPA68-03-3025]**PEER REVIEWED**Vinyl chloride is a waste chemical stream constituent which may besubjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration; preferablyafter mixing another combustible fuel. Care must be taken to assurecomplete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubberis necessary to remove the halo acids produced. [USEPA; EngineeringHandbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration p.2-10 (1981) EPA68-03-3025]**PEER REVIEWED**The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated forvinyl chloride: Biological treatment. [USEPA; Management of HazardousWaste Leachate, EPA Contract No. 68-03-2766 p.E-51 (1982)]**PEERREVIEWED**PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposalthat has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds &specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested onall kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods& recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /ChemicalCarcinogens/ [Montesano, R., H. Bartsch, E.Boyland, G. Della Porta, L.
Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swan, L. Tomatis, and W. Davis (eds.).Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory: Problems of Safety. IARCScientific Publications No. 33. Lyon, France: International Agency forResearch on Cancer, 1979.14]**PEER REVIEWED**OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARDS:OSHA STANDARDS:No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride at concentrations greaterthan 1 ppm averaged over any 8 hr period and no employee may be exposed tovinyl chloride at concentrations greater than 5 ppm averaged over anyperiod not exceeding 15 min. No employee may be exposed to vinyl chlorideby direct contact with liquid vinyl chloride. [29 CFR 1910.1017(c)(7/1/2000)]**PEER REVIEWED**THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES:8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA) 1 ppm [American Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienists. TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for ChemicalSubstances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices.Cincinnati, OH. 2000.71]**PEER REVIEWED**A1: Confirmed human carcinogen. [American Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial Hygienists. TLVs and BEIs. Threshold Limit Values for ChemicalSubstances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices.Cincinnati, OH. 2000.71]**PEER REVIEWED**Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels mayexceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during awork day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times theTLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. [American Conferenceof Governmental Industrial Hygienists. TLVs and BEIs. Threshold LimitValues for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological ExposureIndices. Cincinnati, OH. 2000.6]**PEER REVIEWED**NIOSH RECOMMENDATIONS:NIOSH considers vinyl chloride to be a potential occupational carcinogen.[NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) PublicationNo. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office,1997.330]**PEER REVIEWED**NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens belimited to the lowest feasible concn. Use 29 CFR 1910.1017. [NIOSH. NIOSHPocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140.Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997.330]**PEERREVIEWED**IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH:NIOSH considers vinyl chloride to be a potential occupational carcinogen.[NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) PublicationNo. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office,1997.330]**PEER REVIEWED**OTHER OCCUPATIONAL PERMISSIBLE LEVELS:Australia (1973): 25 ppm; Finland (1975), Holland (1973), Poland (1976),Switzerland (1976), and USSR (1977): 10 ppm; Italy (1975): 5 ppm; Japan
Page 1:
The following information was gener
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... ANOREXIA, ... ALLERGIC DERMATIT
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cancer. Many of the workers had bee
Page 9 and 10:
personnel records of nine chemical
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worker consumed more than a very lo
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(1): 37-45 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Page 15 and 16:
workers to the vinyl chloride monom
Page 17 and 18: skin cancer could bear some relatio
Page 19 and 20: N-5'-alkylpurine (AP) endonucleases
Page 21 and 22: Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979
Page 23 and 24: LIFE SUPPORT:oThis overview assumes
Page 25 and 26: exposure circumstance entails expos
Page 27 and 28: for carcinogenicity in human epidem
Page 29 and 30: Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: W
Page 31 and 32: exposure groups did not differ from
Page 33 and 34: in vivo. [Barbin A; IARC 150: 303-1
Page 35 and 36: developed to localize the promutage
Page 37 and 38: WORKERS. THE VALUE OBTAINED WERE IN
Page 39 and 40: (2): 259 (1977)]**PEER REVIEWED**Af
Page 41 and 42: y 1 mg/cu m of either /cmpd/ separa
Page 43 and 44: (1980) as cited in USEPA; Health an
Page 45 and 46: (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**ENVIRONMENT
Page 47 and 48: The Koc of vinyl chloride is estima
Page 49 and 50: REVIEWED**SEDIMENT/SOIL CONCENTRATI
Page 51 and 52: Fugitive emission sources; (3) Leak
Page 53 and 54: BOILING POINT:-13.3 deg C [Lide, D.
Page 55 and 56: Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Pr
Page 57 and 58: Reactivity: 2. 2= This degree inclu
Page 59 and 60: Vinyl chloride/ decomposes on burni
Page 61 and 62: available./ ... Safety pipettes sho
Page 63 and 64: Analytical procedures ... should be
Page 65 and 66: equipment. [Association of American
Page 67: done without undue risk. Use water
Page 71 and 72: 673-6121; Production site: Geismar,
Page 73 and 74: 91% FOR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE [Kavaler
Page 75 and 76: halogen-specific detector for the a
Page 77 and 78: phthalate esters, detectable levels
Page 79 and 80: USEPA; Drinking water Criteria Docu
Page 81 and 82: ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION:HAZARDOU
Page 83: Field Update on 01/15/1990, 1 field
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