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extended <strong>the</strong> blood clotting time. [Chyba A; Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 32 (4):357-61 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED**Inorganic arsenic (As), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), vinyl chloride (VC)& trichloroethylene (TCE) are frequently identified as groundwatercontaminants near hazardous waste disposal sites. While <strong>the</strong>carcinogenicity <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se chemicals has been extensively studiedindividually, little information exists regarding <strong>the</strong>ir carcinogenicpotential in combination. Therefore, we investigated <strong>the</strong> carcinogenicpromoting potential <strong>of</strong> chemical mixtures containing arsenic, DCE, VC andTCE following multiple initiator administration in a multiple organcarcinogenicity bioassay ... . Our results reveal a dose-responsiveantagonistic effect <strong>of</strong> this four-chemical mixture on <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong>preneoplastic hepatic lesions (altered hepatocellular foci and glutathioneS- transferase pi positive foci) as well as bronchioalveolar hyperplasiaand adenoma formation. [POTT WA et al; Cancer Letters 133 (2): 185-190(1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**PHARMACOLOGY:INTERACTIONS:SPRAGUE-DAWLEY MALE RATS RECEIVED EITHER 5% ETHANOL IN DRINKING WATER ORDRINKING WATER ONLY FOR 4 WK PRIOR TO BEGINNING INHALATION OF 600 PPMVINYL CHLORIDE FOR 4 HR/DAY ON 5 DAYS/WK FOR 12 MO. AFTER 60 WEEKS FROMTHE FIRST VINYL CHLORIDE EXPOSURE, LIVER TUMORS WERE FOUND IN 75% OF THEVINYL CHLORIDE-ETHANOL RATS AND IN 38% OF THE VINYL CHLORIDE-ONLY GROUP.[IARC. Monographs on <strong>the</strong> Evaluation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Carcinogenic Risk <strong>of</strong> Chemicalsto Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency forResearch on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work).V19 388 (1979)]**PEERREVIEWED**Vinyl chloride exerts a protective effect on hepatotoxicity when adminwith vinylidene chloride. [Jaeger RJ; Ann NY Sci 246: 150-1 (1975) ascited in USEPA, Office <strong>of</strong> Drinking Water; Criteria Document (Draft): VinylChloride p.VI-2 (1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**The metabolism <strong>of</strong> vinyl chloride /was inhibited/ by administering a singledose <strong>of</strong> 320 mg/kg pyrazole one hr prior to inhalation <strong>of</strong> /vinyl chloride/gas. [Hefner RE Jr et al; Ann NY Acad Sci 246: 135-48 (1975) as cited inUSEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Vinyl Chloride p.C-21 (1980)EPA 440/5-80-078]**PEER REVIEWED**Vinyl chloride and ethylene are acutely hepatotoxic in rats pretreatedwith polychlorinated biphenyl. ... Trichloropropane oxide significantlyincr vinyl chloride toxicity in fasted but not in fed rats. Diethylmaleatesignificantly lowered hepatic glutathione during exposure, but did notincrease hepatotoxicity <strong>of</strong> ei<strong>the</strong>r vinyl chloride or ethylene. ... Inpolychlorinated biphenyl-treated rats, hepatic glutathione and hepaticepoxide hydroxylase influence <strong>the</strong> acute hepatotoxicity <strong>of</strong> vinyl chloride.[Conolly RB, Jaeger RJ; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 50 (3): 523-32(1979)]**PEER REVIEWED**/Combining/ 1 mg/cu m vinyl chloride with 1 mg phenol/cu m antagonized <strong>the</strong>effects on <strong>the</strong> nervous system <strong>of</strong> rats in a 7 mo continuous inhalationstudy. The mixture did not affect <strong>the</strong> learning ability which was impaired
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