a database of the National Library of M

PA: W.B. Saunders Co., 1990.516]**PEER REVIEWED**Inhalation is the major route of exposure for nearby residents andworkers(1). Exposure is also possible by ingestion of contaminated foods,drinking water and absorption through skin from cosmetics(1). [(1) USEPA;Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Vinyl Chloride. p.C-2USEPA-440/5-80-078 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED**NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 21,018workers (8,840 of these are female) are potentially exposed to vinylchloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride may occurthrough inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaceswhere vinyl chloride is produced or used(SRC). The mean TWA concentrationsof vinyl chloride in various jobs of polyvinyl chloride factories weregiven as follows: tank supplier, 659.67 mg/cu m; PVC reliever, 153.07mg/cu m; tank cleaner, 95.57 mg/cu m; vinyl chloride unloader, 12.56 mg/cum; safety and health specialist, 12.04 mg/cu m; foreman, 9.04 mg/cu m;stripper operator, 4.51 mg/cu m; vinyl chloride recovery operator, 4.38mg/cu m; control room operator, 4.01 mg/cu m; field supervisor, 3.42 mg/cum; office personnel, 3.34 mg/cu m; maintenance, 2.69 mg/cu m; dryer, 1.84mg/cu m; bagger and trucker, 0.93 mg/cu m; gatekeeper, 0.93 mg/cu m(2).The general population may be exposed to vinyl chloride via inhalation ofambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water(SRC). [(1) NIOSH;National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) (1983) (2) Du CL et al; BullEnviron Contam Toxicol 56: 534-42 (1996)]**PEER REVIEWED**BODY BURDEN:A STRONG CORRELATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN VINYL CHLORIDE (VC) CONCN ATWORKING PLACES AND THE INCR EXCRETION OF THIODIGLYCOLIC ACID OF 18 EXPOSEDWORKERS. THE VALUES OBTAINED WERE IN THE RANGE OF 0.14-7.00 PPM. THEEXCRETION OF THIODIGYLCOLIC ACID, MEASURED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASSSPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS, AMOUNTED TO 0.3-4.0 MG/L. [MUELLER G ET AL; INTARCH OCCUP ENVIRON HEALTH 41 (3): 199 (1978)]**PEER REVIEWED**EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT:EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT:EMT COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER:Portions of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) database have been provided herefor general reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE OR MEDITEXT(R)DATABASE SHOULD BE CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OFSPECIFIC CASES. The use of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases is at yoursole risk. The POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases are provided "AS IS" and"as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either expressed orimplied. Micromedex makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy,reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the informationcontained in the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIESOF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBYEXCLUDED. Micromedex does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use ofthe POISINDEX(R) or MEDITEXT(R) databases. Copyright 1974-2004 ThomsonMICROMEDEX. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication, replication, "downloading,"sale, redistribution or other use for commercial purposes is a violation ofMicromedex' rights and is strictly prohibited.The following Overview, ***VINYL CHLORIDE ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical.