a database of the National Library of M

(1980) as cited in USEPA; Health and Enviromental Effects Profile forChloroethene; p.14 (1985) ECAO-CIN-P155]**PEER REVIEWED**Water pollution by tetrachloroethylene leaching from vinyl liners inasbestos-cement water pipelines for water distribution. [Yuskus LR; J AmWater Works Assoc 76 (2): 76-81 (1984)]**PEER REVIEWED**Vinyl chloride's production and use in the manufacture of polyvinylchloride (PVC) and other chlorinated compounds(1) may result in itsrelease to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Vinylchloride is also an anaerobic biodegradation product of higher chlorinatedcompounds such as tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene(2,3). [(1)Lewis RJ; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 13th ed. NY, NY: VanNostrand Reinhold Co., p. 1169 (1997) (2) Hunkeler D et al; Environ SciTechnol 33: 2733-38 (1999) (3) Yager RM et al; Environ Sci Technol 31:3138-47 (1997)]**PEER REVIEWED**ENVIRONMENTAL FATE:AQUATIC FATE: ... The rate of bulk exchange of gaseous vinyl chloridebetween atmosphere and water is about twice that of oxygen. As a result... the loss of vinyl chloride by volatilization from water is probablythe most significant process in its distribution. There is littleinformation pertaining specifically to the rate of adsorption ... ontoparticulate matter. In a study on the behavior of vinyl chloride in waterno significant difference in the rate of ... loss from distilled water,river water, or effluent from a vinyl chloride plant stirred at the samerate was found, thus indicating negligible adsorption ... onto particulatematter. ... Aquatic sediments could exhibit long-term storage of lowlevels ... if extreme environmental conditions, such as continual highlevels of vinyl chloride input were present in water. [Callahan, M.A.,M.W. Slimak, N.W. Gabel, et al. Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129Priority Pollutants. Volume II. EPA-440/4-79-029b. Washington, D.C.: U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, December 1979.49-6]**PEER REVIEWED**AQUATIC FATE: ... In environments such as municipal water chlorinationfacilities, high concentrations of chloride would exist. Under certainconditions, vinyl chloride may be converted to more highly chlorinatedcompounds based on the reactivity of carbon-carbon double bonds withchlorine and hypohalous acid. Dissolved vinyl chloride in water willreadily escape into the gas phase, but chemical reactions can occur withwater impurities which may inhibit its release. Many salts have theability to form complexes with vinyl chloride and can increase itssolubility. Therefore, the amounts of vinyl chloride in water could beinfluenced significantly by the presence of salts. [Callahan, M.A., M.W.Slimak, N.W. Gabel, et al. Water-Related Environmental Fate of 129Priority Pollutants. Volume II. EPA-440/4-79-029b. Washington, D.C.: U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, December 1979.49-7]**PEER REVIEWED**TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Kocvalue of 57(SRC), calculated from a water solubility of 2,700 mg/l(2) anda regression derived equation(3) indicates that vinyl chloride is expectedto have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of vinyl chloride frommoist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) givena Henry's Law constant of 0.0278 atm-cu m/mole(4). Vinyl chloride mayvolatilize from dry soil surfaces based on a vapor pressure of 2,780 mm Hgat 25 deg C(5). The volatilization half-life of vinyl chloride wasestimated as 0.2 days when incorporated in a soil at a depth of 1 cm and