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dysrhythmias. Ventricular fibrillation may be a causeof sudden death.0.2.6 RESPIRATORY0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSUREA) Various pulmonary abnormalities have occurred includingdyspnea, asthma and pneumoconiosis.B) A chronic interstitial pulmonary change is thought tobe caused by vinyl chloride monomer; this change isdistinct from a pneumoconiosis.0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSUREA) VCM may cause CNS depression characterized by fatigue,headache, vertigo, ataxia, euphoria, visualdisturbances, numbness and tingling in the extremities,narcosis, loss of consciousness, and death fromrespiratory failure.0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSUREA) Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and severe epigastric paincan result from ingestion of the liquid.0.2.9 HEPATIC0.2.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSUREA) In chronic/subacute exposures, the target organ is theliver. Direct hepatotoxicity, hepatomegaly, and hepaticcancers, including angiosarcoma, have been reported.B) Portal hypertension can result from liver injury.0.2.10 GENITOURINARY0.2.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSUREA) Decreased libido and sperm count have occurredfollowing chronic exposures in men.0.2.13 HEMATOLOGIC0.2.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSUREA) Thrombocytopenia, porphyrinuria, and capillaryabnormalities have also been reported.0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSUREA) Scleroderma, frostbite, irritation and cyanosis havebeen reported. Vinyl chloride may be absorbed throughthe skin.B) Contact dermatitis has been associated with VCM or itsplasticizers or additives.0.2.15 MUSCULOSKELETAL0.2.15.1 ACUTE EXPOSUREA) Acro-osteolysis, arthralgias, and cold extremities havebeen reported in workers exposed to VCM.0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDSA) Fetotoxicity and congenital malformations have been seenin animals. Human birth defects have not beensubstantiated.0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORYA) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS75-01-4 (IARC,2004):1) IARC Classificationa) Listed as: Vinyl chlorideb) Carcinogen Rating: 11) The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The
exposure circumstance entails exposures that arecarcinogenic to humans. This category is used whenthere is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity inhumans. Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may beplaced in this category when evidence ofcarcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficientbut there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicityin experimental animals and strong evidence inexposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts througha relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity.0.2.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEWA) Vinyl chloride is a HUMAN CARCINOGEN inducing hepaticangiosarcoma, a rare form of liver cancer. Cancers ofthe brain, lungs, blood and digestive systems, andmelanoma have also been associated with vinyl chloridemonomer (VCM) exposure.0.2.21.3 ANIMAL OVERVIEWA) Vinyl chloride has produced gastrointestinal, liver(including angiosarcoma), and kidney tumors and skinand appendage tumors in rats; respiratory system,liver, vascular and/or skin/appendage tumors in mice;and lymphomas and skin/appendage tumors in hamsters.0.2.22 GENOTOXICITYA) Chromosomal aberrations have been found in workersexposed to vinyl chloride. It has induced DNA damage,unscheduled DNA synthesis, DNA inhibition, mutations,chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges,micronuclei, and oncogenic transformation in a varietyof in vivo and in vitro assays.B) A specific ras mutation was found to be linked withoccupational vinyl chloride exposure.LABORATORY:A) No toxic serum or blood level has been established.TREATMENT OVERVIEW:0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSUREA) Monitor for CNS and respiratory depression after acuteexposure.B) VCM and PVC dust may cause various respiratoryabnormalities and respiratory cancers. Workers exposedto dust should have periodic chest x-rays.C) There is no specific test to detect VCM hepatictoxicity. Periodic monitoring of liver function tests inexposed workers is recommended, although there isdisagreement about its utility.0.4.4 EYE EXPOSUREA) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copiousamounts of room temperature water for at least 15minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, orphotophobia persist, the patient should be seen in ahealth care facility.0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSUREA) OVERVIEW1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and washexposed area thoroughly with soap and water. Aphysician may need to examine the area if irritation orpain persists.RANGE OF TOXICITY:
Page 1: The following information was gener
Page 5 and 6: ... ANOREXIA, ... ALLERGIC DERMATIT
Page 7 and 8: cancer. Many of the workers had bee
Page 9 and 10: personnel records of nine chemical
Page 11 and 12: worker consumed more than a very lo
Page 13 and 14: (1): 37-45 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Page 15 and 16: workers to the vinyl chloride monom
Page 17 and 18: skin cancer could bear some relatio
Page 19 and 20: N-5'-alkylpurine (AP) endonucleases
Page 21 and 22: Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979
Page 23: LIFE SUPPORT:oThis overview assumes
Page 27 and 28: for carcinogenicity in human epidem
Page 29 and 30: Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: W
Page 31 and 32: exposure groups did not differ from
Page 33 and 34: in vivo. [Barbin A; IARC 150: 303-1
Page 35 and 36: developed to localize the promutage
Page 37 and 38: WORKERS. THE VALUE OBTAINED WERE IN
Page 39 and 40: (2): 259 (1977)]**PEER REVIEWED**Af
Page 41 and 42: y 1 mg/cu m of either /cmpd/ separa
Page 43 and 44: (1980) as cited in USEPA; Health an
Page 45 and 46: (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**ENVIRONMENT
Page 47 and 48: The Koc of vinyl chloride is estima
Page 49 and 50: REVIEWED**SEDIMENT/SOIL CONCENTRATI
Page 51 and 52: Fugitive emission sources; (3) Leak
Page 53 and 54: BOILING POINT:-13.3 deg C [Lide, D.
Page 55 and 56: Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Pr
Page 57 and 58: Reactivity: 2. 2= This degree inclu
Page 59 and 60: Vinyl chloride/ decomposes on burni
Page 61 and 62: available./ ... Safety pipettes sho
Page 63 and 64: Analytical procedures ... should be
Page 65 and 66: equipment. [Association of American
Page 67 and 68: done without undue risk. Use water
Page 69 and 70: Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swa
Page 71 and 72: 673-6121; Production site: Geismar,
Page 73 and 74: 91% FOR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE [Kavaler
Page 75 and 76:
halogen-specific detector for the a
Page 77 and 78:
phthalate esters, detectable levels
Page 79 and 80:
USEPA; Drinking water Criteria Docu
Page 81 and 82:
ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION:HAZARDOU
Page 83:
Field Update on 01/15/1990, 1 field
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