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VAPORS ARE HEAVIER THAN AIR AND MAY TRAVEL CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE TO ASOURCE OF IGNITION & FLASH BACK. ... CLOSED CONTAINERS MAY RUPTUREVIOLENTLY WHEN HEATED. [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997.49-136]**PEER REVIEWED**EXPLOSIVE LIMITS & POTENTIAL:FORMS EXPLOSIVE MIXT WITH AIR. [Fire Protection Guide to HazardousMaterials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997.49-136]**QC REVIEWED**FORMS /EXPLOSIVE VAPOR/ WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME. [Sax, N.I.Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 6th ed. New York, NY: VanNostrand Reinhold, 1984.2728]**PEER REVIEWED**LOWER 3.6% & UPPER 33% [NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, 1997.330]**PEER REVIEWED**HAZARDOUS REACTIVITIES & INCOMPATIBILITIES:CAN REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS. [Sax, N.I. DangerousProperties of Industrial Materials. 6th ed. New York, NY: Van NostrandReinhold, 1984.2728]**PEER REVIEWED**IT LOSES HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (HCL) ON TREATMENT WITH STRONG ALKALIS @ HIGHTEMP. [IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk ofChemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agencyfor Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work).V19 378(1979)]**PEER REVIEWED**COPPER, OXIDIZERS, ALUMINUM, PEROXIDES, IRON, STEEL. [NOTE: POLYMERIZES INAIR, SUNLIGHT, OR HEAT UNLESS STABILIZED BY INHIBITORS SUCH AS PHENOL.ATTACKS IRON & STEEL IN PRESENCE OF MOISTURE.][NIOSH. NIOSH PocketGuide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-140.Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997.330]**PEERREVIEWED**Reacts with aluminum, aluminum alloys, or copper. [Fire Protection Guideto Hazardous Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire ProtectionAssociation, 1997. 49-136]**QC REVIEWED**An explosion in a valve in a liquid monomer line was ascribed to traces ofoxides of nitrogen remaining after the valve had been passivated bytreatment with nitric acid. [Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive ChemicalHazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990244]**PEERREVIEWED**Vinyl chloride tends to self-polymerise explosively if peroxidation occurs... . [Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed.Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1990244]**PEER REVIEWED**HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION:WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP, IT EMITS HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF /HYDROGEN CHLORIDE/./SRP: AND POSSIBLY PHOSGENE/ [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties ofIndustrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van NostrandReinhold, 1996.3378]**PEER REVIEWED**
Vinyl chloride/ decomposes on burning producing toxic and corrosive fumes(hydrogen chloride and phosgene). [International Labour Office.Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th edition, Volumes 1-41998. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office,1998.104.263]**PEER REVIEWED**HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION:Polymerization occurs if heated in sunlight or presence of air; reactionis exothermic. [Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: VinylChloride (Draft) p.1 (1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**POLYMERIZED IN PRESENCE OF CATALYST [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index -Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck andCo., Inc., 1989.1572]**PEER REVIEWED**Prolonged exposure of cylinders or tank cars to heat or fire may cause thematerial to polymerize with possible container rupture. [Association ofAmerican Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in SurfaceTransportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureauof Explosives, 1994.1109]**PEER REVIEWED**... Tends to self-polymerize explosively if peroxidation occurs, andseveral industrial explosions have been recorded. [Bretherick, L. Handbookof Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth-HeinemannLtd., 1990244]**PEER REVIEWED**/Vinyl chloride/ will polymerize readily due to heating & under theinfluence of air, light, & on contact with a catalyst, strongoxidizing agents & metals such as copper & aluminum, with fire orexplosion hazard. [International Labour Office. Encyclopaedia ofOccupational Health and Safety. 4th edition, Volumes 1-4 1998. Geneva,Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1998.104.263]**PEER REVIEWED**PRIOR HISTORY OF ACCIDENTS:After a train derailment in Canada on Mar 10, 1980, in a blizzard in which2 of 12 boxcars were found to be leaking and large quantities of vinylchloride were spilled in the snow, a max of 10 ppm was found ingroundwater at the center of the spill site. Levels dropped below thedetection limit of 0.02 ppm 10 weeks after the spill. [Charlton J et al;p.245-67 in Hazard Assessment of Chemicals Vol 2; Saxena J ed(1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**Travelling from Belgium to the BUNA works in Schkopau, ten of eighteentank wagons filled with vinyl chloride (VC) derailed on theMagdeburg-Halle railway line just outside Schonebeck station. One wagonexploded & 4 others went up in flames. Buildings & trees ingardens located in the immediate vicinity of the track caught fire &burned. 4 owners of garden plots suffered burns. A total of 28 peoplereceived inpatient treatment in a nearby hospital, another 268 people weretreated as outpatients. The typical symptoms of fume poisoning such asheadache, nausea, irritations of respiratory tract & eyes were theprimarily diagnosed problems. The vegetation was damaged by flue gases& developing HCl causing fire & caustic burns. Fire brigades &special task forces succeeded to control the looming danger of health& environmental hazards by cooling the burning wagons & pumpingthe liquid gases from the tank wagons. Vinyl chloride which was releasedover several days was measured in residential areas to be 0.06-8 ml/m3
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The following information was gener
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... ANOREXIA, ... ALLERGIC DERMATIT
Page 7 and 8: cancer. Many of the workers had bee
Page 9 and 10: personnel records of nine chemical
Page 11 and 12: worker consumed more than a very lo
Page 13 and 14: (1): 37-45 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Page 15 and 16: workers to the vinyl chloride monom
Page 17 and 18: skin cancer could bear some relatio
Page 19 and 20: N-5'-alkylpurine (AP) endonucleases
Page 21 and 22: Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979
Page 23 and 24: LIFE SUPPORT:oThis overview assumes
Page 25 and 26: exposure circumstance entails expos
Page 27 and 28: for carcinogenicity in human epidem
Page 29 and 30: Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: W
Page 31 and 32: exposure groups did not differ from
Page 33 and 34: in vivo. [Barbin A; IARC 150: 303-1
Page 35 and 36: developed to localize the promutage
Page 37 and 38: WORKERS. THE VALUE OBTAINED WERE IN
Page 39 and 40: (2): 259 (1977)]**PEER REVIEWED**Af
Page 41 and 42: y 1 mg/cu m of either /cmpd/ separa
Page 43 and 44: (1980) as cited in USEPA; Health an
Page 45 and 46: (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**ENVIRONMENT
Page 47 and 48: The Koc of vinyl chloride is estima
Page 49 and 50: REVIEWED**SEDIMENT/SOIL CONCENTRATI
Page 51 and 52: Fugitive emission sources; (3) Leak
Page 53 and 54: BOILING POINT:-13.3 deg C [Lide, D.
Page 55 and 56: Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Pr
Page 57: Reactivity: 2. 2= This degree inclu
Page 61 and 62: available./ ... Safety pipettes sho
Page 63 and 64: Analytical procedures ... should be
Page 65 and 66: equipment. [Association of American
Page 67 and 68: done without undue risk. Use water
Page 69 and 70: Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swa
Page 71 and 72: 673-6121; Production site: Geismar,
Page 73 and 74: 91% FOR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE [Kavaler
Page 75 and 76: halogen-specific detector for the a
Page 77 and 78: phthalate esters, detectable levels
Page 79 and 80: USEPA; Drinking water Criteria Docu
Page 81 and 82: ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION:HAZARDOU
Page 83: Field Update on 01/15/1990, 1 field
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