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Reactivity: 2. 2= This degree includes materials that are normallyunstable and readily undergo violent chemical change, but are not capableof detonation. This includes materials that can undergo chemical changewith rapid release of energy at normal temperatures and pressures andmaterials that can undergo violent chemical changes at elevatedtemperatures and pressures. This also includes materials that may reactviolently with water or that may form potentially explosive mixtures withwater. In advanced or massive fires involving these materials, firefighting should be done from a safe distance or from a protected location.[Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA:National Fire Protection Association, 1997. 325-92]**PEER REVIEWED**FLAMMABLE LIMITS:Lower flammable limit: 3.6% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 33.0% byvolume [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA:National Fire Protection Association, 1997. 49-136]**PEER REVIEWED**FLASH POINT:-78 DEG C (OPEN CUP) [Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty'sIndustrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F:Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.,1993-1994.4169]**PEER REVIEWED**AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE:882 DEG F [Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed. Quincy,MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997. 49-136]**PEER REVIEWED**FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES:If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unlessflow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool allaffected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from asfar a distance as possible. [Association of American Railroads. EmergencyHandling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Washington, DC:Association of American Railroads, Bureau of Explosives, 1994.1109]**PEERREVIEWED**Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed todirect flame, consider evacuation of one-half mile radius. [Association ofAmerican Railroads. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in SurfaceTransportation. Washington, DC: Association of American Railroads, Bureauof Explosives, 1994.1109]**PEER REVIEWED**Stop flow of gas before extinguishing fire. Fight fire from protectedlocation or maximum possible distance. Use water spray, dry chemical,foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containerscool. Use flooding quantities of water as fog. [Fire Protection Guide toHazardous Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire ProtectionAssociation, 1997. 49-136]**PEER REVIEWED**TOXIC COMBUSTION PRODUCTS:ON COMBUSTION, IT DEGRADES MAINLY TO HYDROGEN CHLORIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE,CARBON DIOXIDE & TRACES OF PHOSGENE ... . [IARC. Monographs on theEvaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: WorldHealth Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer,1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work).V19 378 (1979)]**PEER REVIEWED**FIREFIGHTING HAZARDS: