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hospital for various diseases among vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) workers.METHODS: 2224 workers with occupational exposure to VCM were identifiedfor occurrence of disease based on a search of hospital computer files onlabour insurance. These data were compared with those of workersmanufacturing optical equipment & motorcycles from 1 Jan 1985 to 31March 1994. Cardiovascular & cerebrovascular diseases were used asreference diseases, & the age adjusted morbidity odds ratio (MOR) wascalculated. RESULTS: A significantly increased risk of admission tohospital among VCM workers due to primary liver cancer (MOR 4.5-6.5),cirrhosis of the liver (MOR 1.7-2.1), & other chronic diseases (MOR1.5-2.0) was found. There were 8 cases of primary liver cancer, all withheavy previous exposure to VCM. Another 4 cases of hepatoma in polyvinylchloride (PVC) workers were found in the death registry. 10 of 11 cases ofhepatoma, with detailed medical information, were carriers of hepatitis Bvirus. The average latent period (20 yr) was not different from otherstudies. Alternative agents of primary liver cancer were largely ruledout, suggesting that the combination of hepatitis B & VCM may lead toprimary liver cancer. CONCLUSION: There is an increased risk of primaryliver cancer in workers exposed to VCM... . [Du CL et al; Occup EnvironMed 55 (8): 528-532 (1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**On the first of June, 1996 an environmental accident occurred inSchonebeck, Germany in which free vinyl chloride was evaporated into theatmosphere. Thereby, the human population living in this area was exposedto vinyl chloride & its byproducts. Chromosomal aberrations weremeasured in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 29 potentially exposed &29 non-exposed (control) individuals. Both groups were matched regardingage, gender & smoking habits. 200 metaphases were analysed forchromosomal aberrations/ each individual. The exposed group showed astatistically significant incr in the mean frequency of aberrant cells(1.47% versus 1.07% in the control group). Chromosomal aberrations inperipheral lymphocytes have been shown to be a very sensitive biomarker ofgenotoxic effects not only for occupational exposure to vinyl chloride..., but also for an accidental environmental exposure. [Huttner E et al;Toxicol Lett 96-97: 143-148 (1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**Based on results from two previous studies where an excess of melanomaswas found in a cohort of workers exposed to vinyl chloride (VCM), a followup of the incidence of cancer in the same cohort of 428 workers wascarried out to scrutinize whether or not the excess could be confirmed bynew cases. The total number of deaths in the study group from 1953 to theend of 1993 was 132 v 141 expected, & the total number of incidentcancer cases was 56 v 57 expected. There were 11 cases of lung cancer veight expected, seven cases of melanomas v 2.07 expected, & 2 cases ofthyroid cancer v 0.34 expected. 5 of the 7 melanoma cases had occurred inthe group that had been most heavily exposed to VCM v 0.7 expected. In thepresent follow up we also found 5 cases of the spinocellular cancer of theskin v 1.7 expected. Out of these 5 cases 4 were diagnosed after 1984. 2of the 5 cases v 0.7 expected had occurred in the most heavily exposedgroup. The total number of skin cancers (melanomas & spinocellularcancers) were 12 v 3.7 expected. There was 1 new case of melanoma between1985 & 1993 v 0.7 expected. Hence, the strength of the relationbetween the observed & expected number of cases was reduced comparedwith the last follow up, & does not strengthen the previouslyindicated causal relation between exposure to VCM & development ofmalignant melanoma. There was no excess of testicular cancers in thisstudy. The present results may indicate that occurrence of spinocellular
skin cancer could bear some relation to work in the manufacture ofpolyvinyl chloride. [Langard S et al; Occup Environ Med 57 (1): 65-68(2000)]**PEER REVIEWED**The production of mutations in cellular oncogenes such as ras is involvedin the development of many human cancers. These mutations result in theexpression of mutant forms of the encoded p21 protein which canpotentially serve as a biomarker for this carcinogenic process. Workersexposed to vinyl chloride (VC) who are at risk for the development of thesentinel neoplasm angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL) represent a modelpopulation for the study of such a mutant p21ras biomarker, since VC isknown to cause a specific ras mutation in ASL. To determine therelationship between VC exposure & this biomarker, serum samples froma cohort of 225 French VC workers & 111 age-sex-race-smoking-drinkingmatched unexposed controls were examined for the presence of mutant p21rasby immunoblotting with a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for the mutantprotein. Stratifying the exposed workers by degree of VC exposure inestimated ppm-years by quartiles yielded a statistically significant trendfor increasing odds ratio for sero-positivity of the p21ras biomarker withincreasing exposure. These results suggest that this serum biomarker isrelated to VC exposure and may be an early indicator of carcinogenic riskin exposed individuals. [LI Y et al; BIOMARKERS 3 (6): 433-439(1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**Vinyl chloride (VC) workers are known to be at risk for development ofangiosarcoma of the liver (ASL), a rare tumor. Previously, a study of p53gene mutations in tumors of VC-exposed workers found that 50% of liverangiosarcomas contained such mutations. Mutant p53 oncoprotein &anti-p53 antibodies can also be found in the sera of ASL patients &VC-exposed workers without cancer. ... In this study, we usedenzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect mutant p53 protein &anti-p53 antibodies in the plasma of VC-exposed workers in Taiwan.Thirty-three of 251 (13.2%) VC-workers tested positive for the p53overexpression (10% with positive mutant p53 protein & 3.6% withpositive anti-p53) in their plasma, but only 2 of 36 controls (5.6%)tested positive (2.8% with positive mutant p53 protein & 2.8% withpositive anti-p53). There was a significant association between cumulativeVC exposure concn & positive p53 expression ... among VC workers afterwe adjusted for age, hepatitis, drinking, & smoking status. Insummary, P53 overexpression (mutant p53 protein or anti-p53 antibody) canbe found in the plasma of VC workers in Taiwan, & a significantdose-response relationship exists between plasma p53 overexpression &VC cumulative exposure concn. [Luo JC et al; J Occup Environ Med 41 (6):521-526 (1999)]**PEER REVIEWED**Vinyl chloride (VC) workers are known to be at risk for development ofliver angiosarcoma, a rare tumor. Previously, more than 80% of VC workerswith liver angiosarcoma have been found to have an Asp-13 c-Ki-rasoncogene mutation, & more than 50% of VC-exposed workers without livertumors were found to have Asp13-Ki-ras oncoprotein in their plasma. ... Inthis study, we used enhanced chemiluminescence Western blotting to detectAsp13-p21-Ki-ras in the sera of VC-exposed workers in Taiwan. There were14 of 113 (12.4%) VC workers positive for the Asp13-Ki-ras oncoprotein inplasma, but 0 of 18 controls were positive. There were 10 of 69 (14.5%)plasma-positives among the more highly exposed ( > 1000 ppm-months)workers & 4 of 48 (9.1%) plasma-positives among the lesser exposed( < or = 1000 ppm-months). Compared with the unexposed controls, the
Page 1: The following information was gener
Page 5 and 6: ... ANOREXIA, ... ALLERGIC DERMATIT
Page 7 and 8: cancer. Many of the workers had bee
Page 9 and 10: personnel records of nine chemical
Page 11 and 12: worker consumed more than a very lo
Page 13 and 14: (1): 37-45 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Page 15: workers to the vinyl chloride monom
Page 19 and 20: N-5'-alkylpurine (AP) endonucleases
Page 21 and 22: Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979
Page 23 and 24: LIFE SUPPORT:oThis overview assumes
Page 25 and 26: exposure circumstance entails expos
Page 27 and 28: for carcinogenicity in human epidem
Page 29 and 30: Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: W
Page 31 and 32: exposure groups did not differ from
Page 33 and 34: in vivo. [Barbin A; IARC 150: 303-1
Page 35 and 36: developed to localize the promutage
Page 37 and 38: WORKERS. THE VALUE OBTAINED WERE IN
Page 39 and 40: (2): 259 (1977)]**PEER REVIEWED**Af
Page 41 and 42: y 1 mg/cu m of either /cmpd/ separa
Page 43 and 44: (1980) as cited in USEPA; Health an
Page 45 and 46: (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**ENVIRONMENT
Page 47 and 48: The Koc of vinyl chloride is estima
Page 49 and 50: REVIEWED**SEDIMENT/SOIL CONCENTRATI
Page 51 and 52: Fugitive emission sources; (3) Leak
Page 53 and 54: BOILING POINT:-13.3 deg C [Lide, D.
Page 55 and 56: Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Pr
Page 57 and 58: Reactivity: 2. 2= This degree inclu
Page 59 and 60: Vinyl chloride/ decomposes on burni
Page 61 and 62: available./ ... Safety pipettes sho
Page 63 and 64: Analytical procedures ... should be
Page 65 and 66: equipment. [Association of American
Page 67 and 68:
done without undue risk. Use water
Page 69 and 70:
Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swa
Page 71 and 72:
673-6121; Production site: Geismar,
Page 73 and 74:
91% FOR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE [Kavaler
Page 75 and 76:
halogen-specific detector for the a
Page 77 and 78:
phthalate esters, detectable levels
Page 79 and 80:
USEPA; Drinking water Criteria Docu
Page 81 and 82:
ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION:HAZARDOU
Page 83:
Field Update on 01/15/1990, 1 field
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