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Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons,1991-Present.V24 (97) 869]**PEER REVIEWED**U. S. IMPORTS:(1977) 6.05X10+5 G [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**(1982) 2.30X10+10 G [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**(1985) 5.89X10+10 G [BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTIONAND GENERAL IMPORTS 1985 p.1-584]**PEER REVIEWED**(1986) 2.06X10+8 lb [BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. US IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION ANDGENERAL IMPORTS 1986 p.1-530]**PEER REVIEWED**U.S. imports are negligible. [Chemical Marketing Reporter; ChemicalProfile. Vinyl Chloride. February 9, 1998. NY, NY: Schnell Pub Co(1998)]**PEER REVIEWED**U. S. EXPORTS:(1978) 4.08X10+11 G [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**(1983) 3.11X10+11 G [SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**(1985) 4.61X10+11 G [BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. US EXPORTS, SCHEDULE E, 1985p.2-69]**PEER REVIEWED**(1987) 8.43X10+8 lb [BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. U. S. EXPORTS, SCHEDULE E,DECEMBER 1987, P.2-73]**PEER REVIEWED**(1996) 2.2 billion pounds [Chemical Marketing Reporter; Chemical Profile.Vinyl Chloride. February 9, 1998. NY, NY: Schnell Pub Co (1998)]**PEERREVIEWED**LABORATORY METHODS:CLINICAL LABORATORY METHODS:Detection of human exposure to electrophilic compounds by assay ofthioether detoxication products in urine. [Van Doorn R et al; Ann OccupHyg 24 (1): 77-92 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED**ANALYTIC LABORATORY METHODS:NIOSH Method 1007. Analyte: Vinyl chloride. Matrix: Air. Procedure: Gaschromatography, flame ionization detector. For vinyl chloride this methodhas an estimated detection limit of 0.00004 mg/sample. The precision/RSDis not determined and the recovery is not determined. Applicability: Theworking range is 0.4 to 40 mg/cu m (0.16 to 16 ppm) for a 5 liter airsample. Interferences: Other than the possibility of loss of sample uponstorage of two weeks or more at room temperature, none have been noted.[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safetyand Health. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 4th ed. Methods A-Z &Supplements. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Aug1994.]**PEER REVIEWED**EPA Method 8010. Direct Injection or Purge and Trap GC with
halogen-specific detector for the analysis of halogenated volatileorganics including vinyl chloride in solid waste. Under the prescribedconditions for vinyl chloride, the method has a detection limit of 0.18ug/l. Precision and method accuracy were found to be directly related tothe concentration of the parameter and essentially independent of thesample matrix. [USEPA; Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste SW-846(1986)]**PEER REVIEWED**EPA Method 8240. GC/MS for the determination of volatile organics. Thismethod can be used to quantify most volatile organic compounds includingvinyl chloride that have boiling points below 200 deg C and are insolubleor slightly soluble in water. The detection limit is not given. Precisionand method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentrationof the analyte and essentially independent of the sample matrix. [USEPA;Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste SW-846 (1986)]**PEER REVIEWED**EPA Method 601. Purge and Trap GC with electrolytic conductivity detectionfor the analysis of purgeable halocarbons including vinyl chloride inmunicipal and industrial discharges. Under the prescribed conditions, themethod detection limit for vinyl chloride is 0.18 ug/l. The method isrecommended for use in the concentration range from the method detectionlimit to 1000 times that limit. Precision and method accuracy were foundto be directly related to the concentration of the parameter andessentially independent of the sample matrix. [40 CFR 136, App. A(7/1/90)]**PEER REVIEWED**EPA Method 624. Purge and Trap GC/MS for the analysis of purgeableorganics including vinyl chloride in the municipal and industrialdischarges. Under the prescribed conditions for vinyl chloride, the methoddetection limit is not given. Precision and method accuracy were found tobe directly related to the concentration of the parameter and essentiallyindependent of the sample matrix. [40 CFR 136, App. A (7/1/90)]**PEERREVIEWED**EPA Method 1624. Isotope Dilution Purge and Trap GC/MS. This method isapplicable for the determination of volatile organic compounds inmunicipal and industrial discharges. By adding a known amount of anisotopically labeled compound to every sample prior to purging, acorrection of recovery of the pollutant can be made. If isotopicallylabeled compounds are not available, an internal standard method is used.Under the prescribed conditions for both the isotopically labeled andunlabeled vinyl chloride the method has a minimum detection level of 50and 10 ug/l with no interferences present. [40 CFR 136, App. A(7/1/90)]**PEER REVIEWED**EPA Method 524.2. Purge and Trap GC/MS for the determination of volatilearomatic compounds in finished drinking water, raw source water, ordrinking water in any treatment stage. For vinyl chloride the method has adetection limit of 0.17 ug/l and a relative standard deviation of 6.7%with a wide bore capillary column, and a method detection limit of 0.04ug/l and a relative standard deviation of 0.2% with a narrow borecapillary column. [USEPA; Methods for the Determination of OrganicCompounds in Finished Drinking Water and Raw Source Water (1986)]**PEERREVIEWED**EPA Method 524.1. Purge and Trap GC/MS. The method is applicable for thedetermination of volatile organic compounds in water, finished drinking
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The following information was gener
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... ANOREXIA, ... ALLERGIC DERMATIT
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cancer. Many of the workers had bee
Page 9 and 10:
personnel records of nine chemical
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worker consumed more than a very lo
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(1): 37-45 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Page 15 and 16:
workers to the vinyl chloride monom
Page 17 and 18:
skin cancer could bear some relatio
Page 19 and 20:
N-5'-alkylpurine (AP) endonucleases
Page 21 and 22:
Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979
Page 23 and 24: LIFE SUPPORT:oThis overview assumes
Page 25 and 26: exposure circumstance entails expos
Page 27 and 28: for carcinogenicity in human epidem
Page 29 and 30: Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: W
Page 31 and 32: exposure groups did not differ from
Page 33 and 34: in vivo. [Barbin A; IARC 150: 303-1
Page 35 and 36: developed to localize the promutage
Page 37 and 38: WORKERS. THE VALUE OBTAINED WERE IN
Page 39 and 40: (2): 259 (1977)]**PEER REVIEWED**Af
Page 41 and 42: y 1 mg/cu m of either /cmpd/ separa
Page 43 and 44: (1980) as cited in USEPA; Health an
Page 45 and 46: (1975)]**PEER REVIEWED**ENVIRONMENT
Page 47 and 48: The Koc of vinyl chloride is estima
Page 49 and 50: REVIEWED**SEDIMENT/SOIL CONCENTRATI
Page 51 and 52: Fugitive emission sources; (3) Leak
Page 53 and 54: BOILING POINT:-13.3 deg C [Lide, D.
Page 55 and 56: Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Pr
Page 57 and 58: Reactivity: 2. 2= This degree inclu
Page 59 and 60: Vinyl chloride/ decomposes on burni
Page 61 and 62: available./ ... Safety pipettes sho
Page 63 and 64: Analytical procedures ... should be
Page 65 and 66: equipment. [Association of American
Page 67 and 68: done without undue risk. Use water
Page 69 and 70: Fishbein, R. A. Griesemer, A.B. Swa
Page 71 and 72: 673-6121; Production site: Geismar,
Page 73: 91% FOR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE [Kavaler
Page 77 and 78: phthalate esters, detectable levels
Page 79 and 80: USEPA; Drinking water Criteria Docu
Page 81 and 82: ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION:HAZARDOU
Page 83: Field Update on 01/15/1990, 1 field
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