Why we need European cultural policies: the impact of EU ...

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Michael W. Quine, (UK)Senior Lecturer in Arts Management and former Acting Head of Department, Department of ArtsPolicy & Management, City University London.An extensive career in managing arts organisations, in educating arts managers and in research.Initially from a theatre background, his interests range from the economics of the arts to artsmarketing and financing, and into international comparisons. His international teaching experienceincludes countries as diverse as the US, Greece, Finland, Moldova, Spain and he is now afrequent visitor to Russia, especially St Petersburg. He is a founding member a multi-universityexchange programme, funded by the EU SOCRATES programme, encouraging staff and studentmobility as well as annual conferences. For six years until 2005 he was a Vice-Chair and Boardmember of ENCATC (European Network of Cultural Administration Training Centres).He organised the first non-Francophone AIMAC conference, in London in 1995, and also workswithin the Scientific Committee for subsequent conferences (in Brisbane, Helsinki, San Francisco,Milan and Montreal in 2005) dealing with research into international comparisons of these anda range of wider policy issues. President of the Thomassen Fund in support of the mobility ofeducators and trainers in arts management.Mikko Lagerspetz, (Estonia)Professor of Sociology at the Estonian Institute of Humanities.Born and educated in Finland, and since 1989 he resides in Estonia.Lecturer of Sociology at the Estonian Institute of Humanities (1990-1997)and now Professor of Sociology.Rector, 1998-2001.Docent of Sociology at the University of Turku, 1997-.President, Estonian Association of Sociologists, 1998-2003 (re-elected twice).Member of the Board, Open Estonia Foundation, 2001-2004.Honorary Member, Wind Orchestra of the University of Turku, 1991.Involved in research and evaluation of Estonian cultural policies. Research on cultural policies,social problems, and civil society.Publications (among others): Constructing Post-Communism (Turku, 1996); Estonian CulturalPolicy and Its Impact, 1988-1995 (with Rein Raud; Strasbourg, 1996); recent article: “How manyNordic countries? Possibilities and limits of geopolitical identity construction”. Cooperation andConflict, 2003.110Annex 3 List of CPRA jury members
Annex 4GlossaryAcquis communautaireThe French term acquis communautaire refers to the body of EU laws and policies. Whencountries negotiate to become members of the EU they adopt the EU’s existing laws and mustbegin to put them into effect. At the time of the latest EU enlargement there were more than80,000 pages of EU law, and this was divided into chapters to make negotiations easier.Animation socio-culturelleAccording to the definition of the Council of Europe, l’animation socio-culturelle denotes a socialpolicy which goes across a range of everyday activities, and takes account of the various social,cultural, economic and political aspects of the populations at which it is aimed. The conceptbehind it is that it is a voluntary and democratic activity appealing to the ideals of citizenship,aiming to mobilize groups and communities in order to improve social standards through certaincultural or artistic activities and enabling minority groups in particular to express themselves.Bolkenstein DirectiveThe aim of the directive, proposed by Frits Bolkenstein, the European Commissioner who atthat time was responsible for the internal market, was to establish a legal framework to reducethe barriers preventing free movement for providers of services – such as legal and accountingservices – between member states. Services account for a large proportion of the wealth createdin the EU and it was predicted that the reforms in the directive would create jobs and make theinternal market work more smoothly. However, there was much opposition from trade unions andothers, (mainly in the pre-2004 member states) to opening up of the markets, and a watered downversion of the directive was finally passed by the European Parliament in February 2006.Candidate countriesThis term is used to describe countries which are in the process of applying and negotiating formembership of the European Union. After the 2004 enlargement, the term candidate countriesincludes Bulgaria and Romania, which have almost completed negotiations, and Croatia andTurkey which have just started negotiations for full membership.Annex 4 Glossary111
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Prologue When I decided to research
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Measures directly referring to cult
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obstacles encountered during the pe
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Part 1Theconceptualframe ofthe stud
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argument referred to identifying ex
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Gray called for comparative researc
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The Council of Europe and comparati
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a broader understanding of culture,
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The first one is a `macro’ dimens
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Part 2European Union,culture andcul
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narrow sense - still remains exclud
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Niedobitek (see page 29) drew atten
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In spring 2005 two founding members
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I am focussing more on the technica
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while enlargement negotiations were
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ights.56 Since the mid-1990s, the E
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This included information about Cha
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Gradual development and introductio
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of the background presented earlier
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Èventually, a solution was found,
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meet the recently introduced regula
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introduces the possibility of makin
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