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Why we need European cultural policies: the impact of EU ...

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Annex 4GlossaryAcquis communautaireThe French term acquis communautaire refers to <strong>the</strong> body <strong>of</strong> <strong>EU</strong> laws and <strong>policies</strong>. Whencountries negotiate to become members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>EU</strong> <strong>the</strong>y adopt <strong>the</strong> <strong>EU</strong>’s existing laws and mustbegin to put <strong>the</strong>m into effect. At <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latest <strong>EU</strong> enlargement <strong>the</strong>re <strong>we</strong>re more than80,000 pages <strong>of</strong> <strong>EU</strong> law, and this was divided into chapters to make negotiations easier.Animation socio-culturelleAccording to <strong>the</strong> definition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Council <strong>of</strong> Europe, l’animation socio-culturelle denotes a socialpolicy which goes across a range <strong>of</strong> everyday activities, and takes account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various social,<strong>cultural</strong>, economic and political aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> populations at which it is aimed. The conceptbehind it is that it is a voluntary and democratic activity appealing to <strong>the</strong> ideals <strong>of</strong> citizenship,aiming to mobilize groups and communities in order to improve social standards through certain<strong>cultural</strong> or artistic activities and enabling minority groups in particular to express <strong>the</strong>mselves.Bolkenstein DirectiveThe aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> directive, proposed by Frits Bolkenstein, <strong>the</strong> <strong>European</strong> Commissioner who atthat time was responsible for <strong>the</strong> internal market, was to establish a legal framework to reduce<strong>the</strong> barriers preventing free movement for providers <strong>of</strong> services – such as legal and accountingservices – bet<strong>we</strong>en member states. Services account for a large proportion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>we</strong>alth createdin <strong>the</strong> <strong>EU</strong> and it was predicted that <strong>the</strong> reforms in <strong>the</strong> directive would create jobs and make <strong>the</strong>internal market work more smoothly. Ho<strong>we</strong>ver, <strong>the</strong>re was much opposition from trade unions ando<strong>the</strong>rs, (mainly in <strong>the</strong> pre-2004 member states) to opening up <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> markets, and a watered downversion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> directive was finally passed by <strong>the</strong> <strong>European</strong> Parliament in February 2006.Candidate countriesThis term is used to describe countries which are in <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> applying and negotiating formembership <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>European</strong> Union. After <strong>the</strong> 2004 enlargement, <strong>the</strong> term candidate countriesincludes Bulgaria and Romania, which have almost completed negotiations, and Croatia andTurkey which have just started negotiations for full membership.Annex 4 Glossary111

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