Michael W. Quine, (UK)Senior Lecturer in Arts Management and former Acting Head <strong>of</strong> Department, Department <strong>of</strong> ArtsPolicy & Management, City University London.An extensive career in managing arts organisations, in educating arts managers and in research.Initially from a <strong>the</strong>atre background, his interests range from <strong>the</strong> economics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> arts to artsmarketing and financing, and into international comparisons. His international teaching experienceincludes countries as diverse as <strong>the</strong> US, Greece, Finland, Moldova, Spain and he is now afrequent visitor to Russia, especially St Petersburg. He is a founding member a multi-universityexchange programme, funded by <strong>the</strong> <strong>EU</strong> SOCRATES programme, encouraging staff and studentmobility as <strong>we</strong>ll as annual conferences. For six years until 2005 he was a Vice-Chair and Boardmember <strong>of</strong> ENCATC (<strong>European</strong> Network <strong>of</strong> Cultural Administration Training Centres).He organised <strong>the</strong> first non-Francophone AIMAC conference, in London in 1995, and also workswithin <strong>the</strong> Scientific Committee for subsequent conferences (in Brisbane, Helsinki, San Francisco,Milan and Montreal in 2005) dealing with research into international comparisons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se anda range <strong>of</strong> wider policy issues. President <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Thomassen Fund in support <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mobility <strong>of</strong>educators and trainers in arts management.Mikko Lagerspetz, (Estonia)Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Sociology at <strong>the</strong> Estonian Institute <strong>of</strong> Humanities.Born and educated in Finland, and since 1989 he resides in Estonia.Lecturer <strong>of</strong> Sociology at <strong>the</strong> Estonian Institute <strong>of</strong> Humanities (1990-1997)and now Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Sociology.Rector, 1998-2001.Docent <strong>of</strong> Sociology at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Turku, 1997-.President, Estonian Association <strong>of</strong> Sociologists, 1998-2003 (re-elected twice).Member <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Board, Open Estonia Foundation, 2001-2004.Honorary Member, Wind Orchestra <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Turku, 1991.Involved in research and evaluation <strong>of</strong> Estonian <strong>cultural</strong> <strong>policies</strong>. Research on <strong>cultural</strong> <strong>policies</strong>,social problems, and civil society.Publications (among o<strong>the</strong>rs): Constructing Post-Communism (Turku, 1996); Estonian CulturalPolicy and Its Impact, 1988-1995 (with Rein Raud; Strasbourg, 1996); recent article: “How manyNordic countries? Possibilities and limits <strong>of</strong> geopolitical identity construction”. Cooperation andConflict, 2003.110Annex 3 List <strong>of</strong> CPRA jury members
Annex 4GlossaryAcquis communautaireThe French term acquis communautaire refers to <strong>the</strong> body <strong>of</strong> <strong>EU</strong> laws and <strong>policies</strong>. Whencountries negotiate to become members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>EU</strong> <strong>the</strong>y adopt <strong>the</strong> <strong>EU</strong>’s existing laws and mustbegin to put <strong>the</strong>m into effect. At <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latest <strong>EU</strong> enlargement <strong>the</strong>re <strong>we</strong>re more than80,000 pages <strong>of</strong> <strong>EU</strong> law, and this was divided into chapters to make negotiations easier.Animation socio-culturelleAccording to <strong>the</strong> definition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Council <strong>of</strong> Europe, l’animation socio-culturelle denotes a socialpolicy which goes across a range <strong>of</strong> everyday activities, and takes account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various social,<strong>cultural</strong>, economic and political aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> populations at which it is aimed. The conceptbehind it is that it is a voluntary and democratic activity appealing to <strong>the</strong> ideals <strong>of</strong> citizenship,aiming to mobilize groups and communities in order to improve social standards through certain<strong>cultural</strong> or artistic activities and enabling minority groups in particular to express <strong>the</strong>mselves.Bolkenstein DirectiveThe aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> directive, proposed by Frits Bolkenstein, <strong>the</strong> <strong>European</strong> Commissioner who atthat time was responsible for <strong>the</strong> internal market, was to establish a legal framework to reduce<strong>the</strong> barriers preventing free movement for providers <strong>of</strong> services – such as legal and accountingservices – bet<strong>we</strong>en member states. Services account for a large proportion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>we</strong>alth createdin <strong>the</strong> <strong>EU</strong> and it was predicted that <strong>the</strong> reforms in <strong>the</strong> directive would create jobs and make <strong>the</strong>internal market work more smoothly. Ho<strong>we</strong>ver, <strong>the</strong>re was much opposition from trade unions ando<strong>the</strong>rs, (mainly in <strong>the</strong> pre-2004 member states) to opening up <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> markets, and a watered downversion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> directive was finally passed by <strong>the</strong> <strong>European</strong> Parliament in February 2006.Candidate countriesThis term is used to describe countries which are in <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> applying and negotiating formembership <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>European</strong> Union. After <strong>the</strong> 2004 enlargement, <strong>the</strong> term candidate countriesincludes Bulgaria and Romania, which have almost completed negotiations, and Croatia andTurkey which have just started negotiations for full membership.Annex 4 Glossary111
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