Why we need European cultural policies: the impact of EU ...

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ComplementarityThis means a situation in which two or more different things enhance each other or form abalanced whole. In EU terminology complementarity means that EU policies are there not toreplace national policies but to complement national policies.Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressionsAdopted in UNESCO in October 2005. This Convention encourages States to take specialcare regarding the protection of the diversity of cultural expressions within its borders and inits relations between States as well as to adopt policies and measures for the protection andpromotion of the diversity of cultural expressions. It has yet to be ratified.Copenhagen CriteriaThe Copenhagen Criteria were agreed at the European Council meeting in Copenhagen in 1993.They defined eligibility for EU membership. Member states must have:■ stable institutions, guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights andthe protection of minorities■ a functioning market economy■ ability to take on the obligations of membership, including support forthe aims of the Union.CopyrightThis is the exclusive legal right – for a fixed number of years – to publish, perform, film, or recordliterary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.Council of EuropeIn 1949 ten states set up the Council of Europe. Members were Belgium, Denmark, France,Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. There arenow 46 members. The organization’s main aims are `to promote democracy and protect humanrights and the rule of law in Europe’.The European programme of national cultural policy reviews analyzes the cultural situation inindividual countries and helps them to devise cultural strategies. The Council uses informationfrom these reviews to form general European strategies extending beyond the cultural field.More than half the signatories to the European Cultural Convention have agreed to assesstheir aims and methods, collect information on them, analyze trends and have this reviewed byoutside experts.Culture 2000Culture 2000 is a funding programme run by by the European Commission. It supportscontemporary arts and cultural heritage projects, and provides translation grants for contemporaryEuropean literature and works of the European humanities. Culture 2000 aims to promote culturalcooperation between different countries. Most of the funding is for projects that are designed andcarried out by collaborative partnerships of cultural organisations from different European countries.112 Annex 4 Glossary
Cultural marketsA term used to describe a market in which cultural goods and services are traded. It refers tonational, regional as well as global markets of cultural goods and services.Euro-Mediterranean PartnershipThe Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Barcelona Process) is a wide framework of political,economic and social relations between the 25 members of the European Union and partners ofthe Southern Mediterranean. The latter includes ten countries around the MediterraneanSea – Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia andTurkey. Since 1999 Libya has had observer status.European added valueThe principle of European added value describes the EU principle that anything action undertakenby the EU as a whole should complement actions undertaken by the individual member states.It is one of the funding criteria in Culture 2000, requiring projects to have a European dimension.European Economic AreaThe European Economic Area (EEA) began in 1994 following an agreement between theEuropean Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the European Union (EU). It allowed EFTA countriesto take part in the European single market without having to join the EU. The current members arethree of the four EFTA states – Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, (without Switzerland), plus theEU and the 25 EU member states.European UnionThe European Union (EU) is a union of 25 independent states based on the European Community(founded in 1965). The EU itself was founded in 1992 after the adoption of the MaastrichtTreaty which came into force on January 1 1993. The European Union aims to enhance political,economic and social cooperation between its member states. See also Transition countries.EurostatEurostat is the statistical office of the European Communities, established in 1953. Its task isto gather and analyze figures from the different European statistics offices in order to providecomparable and harmonized data to European institutions so they can define, implement andanalyze community policies.Intellectual property rightsThere is a body of law about rights to ìntellectual property’, such as patents, copyright,trademarks, and so on.L’exception culturelleThis translates in the EU context, to mean `leaving culture out of the general rules for other sectors’.See also footnote 41.Annex 4 Glossary113
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Why we need European cultural polic
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Prologue When I decided to research
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If I had the opportunity of startin
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Measures directly referring to cult
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obstacles encountered during the pe
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Part 1Theconceptualframe ofthe stud
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argument referred to identifying ex
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Gray called for comparative researc
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The Council of Europe and comparati
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a broader understanding of culture,
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The first one is a `macro’ dimens
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Part 2European Union,culture andcul
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narrow sense - still remains exclud
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Niedobitek (see page 29) drew atten
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Even though the author thought that
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In spring 2005 two founding members
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I am focussing more on the technica
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while enlargement negotiations were
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ights.56 Since the mid-1990s, the E
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This included information about Cha
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Gradual development and introductio
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of the background presented earlier
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Èventually, a solution was found,
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In regard to other taxes, opinions
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meet the recently introduced regula
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introduces the possibility of makin
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One of the recommendations in the F
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IPR legislation into line with Worl
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Page 66 and 67: Part 3What willthe futurebring?68 P
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Page 89 and 90: Aubry P, (2000)The `Television with
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Page 93 and 94: Futo P, Cuculić J, et al (2002)Met
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Page 97 and 98: Puchala D J, (1971)Òf blind men, e
Page 99 and 100: Weidenfeld W, Wessels W, (1997)Euro
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