Why we need European cultural policies: the impact of EU ...

have been relocated. Scholarship, as themain system of knowledge, and education,as the main system of transferring knowledgeand social values, are no longer consideredpart of the cultural sector.’Katunarić V, Cvjetic˘ anin B, (1999)22 OJ 1974 C 6223 EC General Report 10/197624 Community action in the cultural sector.Commission Communication to the Councilsent on 22 November 1977.COM (77) 560 final, 2 December 1977.Bulletin of the European Communities,Supplement 6/7725 OJ 1976 C 79 and OJ 1979 C 3926 Adopted by the European Parliament on17 November 1989a period of five years (1990–1995). Whenthis programme ended in July 1995, theCouncil adopted the Media II programme(1996–2000), to which ECU 310 millionwere allocated. Following on from Media II,the Media Plus programme (2001–2005),which was adopted in December 2000,has a budget of c 400 million, split intoc 50 million for training and c 350 millionfor development (creation, distribution,promotion, and pilot projects).In July 2004, the Commission adopted aproposal for a decision on the MEDIA 2007programme, which is intended to follow onfrom MEDIA Plus and MEDIA Training (whichwere extended until 2006). The proposedbudget is more than c 1 billion for the period2007–2013, which is an indication of theUnion’s very strong commitment to the audiovisualsector.Community action will relate to preproduction(for example by supporting initialtraining for trades in the audio-visual sectoror by facilitating access to finance for smalland medium-sized enterprises) and postproduction(support for the distribution andpromotion of audio-visual works).(see www.europa.eu.int)27 OJ L 298, 17 October 1989,p 23: European Council Directive on thecoordination of certain provisions laid downby law, regulation or administrative actionin member states concerning the pursuit oftelevision broadcasting activities (89/552/EEC). This was amended in 1997 byDirective 97/36/EC).28 The first programme – MEDIA I –was adopted by the Council in December1990 and was allocated ECU 200 million for29 Such as, for example, the historicdecision of the European Court of Justice inthe Sacchi case (1974), when a televisionsignal was considered a provision of servicesunder Articles 59 and 60 of the Treatyof Rome, and national barriers to crossfrontierbroadcasting http://www.encatc.org/downloads/RuffoloReport.pdf or theestablishment of broadcasters from onemember state in another are intended to beabolished in most circumstances.80Notes