Why we need European cultural policies: the impact of EU ...

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If I had the opportunity of starting again the integration process from scratch,perhaps it would be more efficient if it was started by cultural integration.The unification of Europe and the integration of culture together.(Erhard Busek’s speech, concluding the conference, bigger… better… beautiful?the impact of EU enlargement on cultural opportunities across Europe,Budapest, February 2002.)10Introduction
Introduction Quotes like this are often used as to ornamenttexts about European integration, but the fact is that, from the very beginning, culture as a fieldhas been marginalized in a majority of studies about European integration as well as in the eyes ofthose determining priorities at the European level.In most current debates about European integration, culture remains an abstract term, often usedto illustrate how European integration brings more than economic benefits. It is commonplaceto read or hear statements declaring that an economically, monetarily and politically integratedEuropean space will confirm a centuries-old European identity, respect for common values andcommon European cultural heritage, which have all been foundations for the development ofmodern European states.The significance of cultural policy-makingEven though culture is said to be so fundamentally important, the European Union has neverexplicitly formulated its cultural policy. Culture and cultural policies were not considered prioritiesduring the first period of European integration and were discussed only in the later phases.Even though most member states still reject the idea of formulating `common cultural policy’ andinsist on respect for the principle of `subsidiarity’,5 there has also been a consensus in favourof establishing a certain degree of cooperation in the cultural field, because many issues requireEuropean-level coordination.While debates still focus mainly on the need for European cultural policy, at the same time it ispossible to claim that a de facto European cultural policy already exists, even if it is not yet clearlyarticulated. Provisions from various common policies have an impact on culture, including bothpolicies that refer specifically to culture and those that have a more indirect impact on culture. Anumber of published studies have shown that cultural policies depend on, and are influenced by,provisions and rules arising from other spheres of public policies.6Topics in this category include:■ obstacles to the mobility of artists■ cultural industries■ analysis of employment opportunities across Europe■ tax systems■ copyright■ the liberalization of marketplaces.Introduction11
Page 1 and 2: Why we need European cultural polic
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Page 6 and 7: Prologue When I decided to research
Page 10 and 11: Measures directly referring to cult
Page 12 and 13: obstacles encountered during the pe
Page 14 and 15: Part 1Theconceptualframe ofthe stud
Page 16 and 17: argument referred to identifying ex
Page 18 and 19: Gray called for comparative researc
Page 20 and 21: The Council of Europe and comparati
Page 22 and 23: a broader understanding of culture,
Page 24 and 25: The first one is a `macro’ dimens
Page 26 and 27: Part 2European Union,culture andcul
Page 28 and 29: narrow sense - still remains exclud
Page 30 and 31: Niedobitek (see page 29) drew atten
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IPR legislation into line with Worl
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Preliminary assessmentof the impact
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Changes in taxation policies were n
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policy areas and the ensuing transf
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Part 3What willthe futurebring?68 P
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Manuel Barroso, President of the Eu
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has been embraced by the European m
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Instead of a conclusionThe aim of t
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1 The French term acquis communauta
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14 When deciding on the methodology
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30 OJ C 336, 19/12/1992.31 1st Repo
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45 After the signing and entry into
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65 See Annex 1 for a copy of theque
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81 32001G0731(01) Council Resolutio
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culture, which needs to be exempt f
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Aubry P, (2000)The `Television with
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Draus F, (2001)Èst-Ouest, le dit e
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Futo P, Cuculić J, et al (2002)Met
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Laher L, (2001)Trapped in the notio
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Puchala D J, (1971)Òf blind men, e
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Weidenfeld W, Wessels W, (1997)Euro
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2. In your opinion, have the cultur
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13. Have there been any changes in
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Annex 3List of CPRA jury membersMil
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Political Economy Cultural Economic
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Annex 4GlossaryAcquis communautaire
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Cultural marketsA term used to desc
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Third countriesEU documents sometim
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Author: Nina ObuljenEditor: Janet H
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