World Disasters Report 2010 - International Federation of Red Cross ...

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Rainfall totals for November 2009 in Ireland were the highest on record, and large parts of the city of Cork and surrounding areas were flooded when the River Lee burst its banks. © The Irish Examiner 128 Support slum and squatter upgrading. Where large numbers of people live in poorquality housing in informal settlements, improving housing and getting basic infrastructure in place is a priority for adaptation. However, it is important to make sure that these new houses and infrastructure are constructed in such a way that they can withstand likely future changes in climate. In association with this, it is important to address related social issues: people and communities who are healthier, better educated and with secure tenure are more able to deal effectively with a wide range of shocks and stresses, including one-off extreme events and climate change. Ongoing action to improve the provision of public services can provide households with a firmer base from which to face the challenges of climate change. Urban planning, management and governance are all now firmly on the IPCC agenda. Reconsider zoning, planning and building regulations. Zoning and planning controls have often served to exclude a large proportion of the urban population in low- and middle-income nations from legal land markets. The identification of ‘vulnerable’ land in preparing for climate change should not be used in the same way. Instead, these controls can be used to help provide appropriate and safe locations for low-income households while reducing their exposure to the risks of flooding, slope failure and other disasters. The application of building standards that are appropriate to local contexts, including affordability, and used in ways that support incremental improvements can make housing resistant to extreme weather, while still enabling poor residents living in self-built or artisan-built constructions to upgrade at an appropriate pace and cost.
Ensuring climate and disaster preparedness in key urban sectors Engaging with a wide range of stakeholders is key to ensuring that adaptation and disaster risk reduction actions meet the needs of a broad cross-section of urban residents. This approach has been used by several major stakeholders and projects as the means of engaging in climate change adaptation in urban areas. Both the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network and UN-Habitat’s Cities in Climate Change Initiative use multi-stakeholder engagement processes to support urban adaptation. However, many specific actions need to be taken at a sectoral level. As Table 6.3 shows, many of these specific actions in water supply provision, storm and flood-water management, public health, energy and transportation meet both climate change and disaster risk reduction objectives. Table 6.3 Examples of climate change and disaster preparedness goals and actions Priority planning area Preparedness goal Preparedness actions Water supply Expand and diversify water supply �� Develop new groundwater sources �� Construct new surface water reservoirs �� Enhance existing groundwater supplies through aquifer storage and recovery �� Develop advanced wastewater treatment capacity for water re-use Reduce demand / improve efficiency �� Increase billing rates for water �� Change building codes to require low-flow plumbing fixtures �� Provide incentives (e.g., tax breaks, rebates) for switching to more waterefficient processes Increase drought preparedness �� Update drought management plans to recognize changing conditions Increase public awareness about impacts on �� Provide information on climate change water supplies impacts to water supplies and how residents can reduce water use in utility inserts, newsletters, web sites, local newspapers Storm- and flood-water Increase capacity to manage storm water �� Increase capacity of storm-water collection management systems �� Modify urban landscaping requirements to reduce storm-water runoff �� Preserve ecological buffers (e.g., wetlands) Reduce property damage from flooding �� Move or abandon infrastructure in hazardous areas �� Change zoning to discourage development in flood hazard areas �� Update building codes to require more flood-resistant structures in floodplains Improve information to manage storm and �� Increase the use of climate and weather flood events information in managing risk and events �� Update flood maps to reflect change risk associated with climate change World Disasters Report 2010 – Focus on urban risk 129
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The International Federation of Red
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World Disasters Report 2010 Focus o
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Contents International Federation o
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Chapter 6 Urbanization and climate
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Annex 2 Making cities resilient: A
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annually despite commendable effort
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Avoiding the urbanization of disast
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in low-income nations even though a
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The last few decades have also brou
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But only a very small proportion of
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einforce the view that disaster ris
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institutions. Poor people have a lo
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Box 1.2 Can Haiti build back better
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was ‘illegal’, makes reconstruc
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that the needs and priorities of th
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Ravallion, M., Chen, S. and Sangrau
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Urban disaster trends It is well kn
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about 65 per cent of the world’s
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With the exception of the South Asi
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fires and traffic accidents. Buildi
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large cities in low- and middle-inc
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Figure 2.5 Port cities with highest
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expansion is driving risk in many A
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know the phone number) and the fire
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However, the incentive for owners t
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The focus on assets, especially hig
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Munich Re Group. Topics Annual Revi
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Starting over: Community rights and
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on this. However, it is complicated
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all those in the evacuation centre)
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those affected, help them get organ
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disaster events. Governments often
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In urban areas, rebuilding homes an
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ownership or other formalized/legal
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However, the scope of the upgrading
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Sources and further information Ade
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Syukrizal, A., Hafidz, W. and Saute
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Urban violence As more people crowd
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Drug production and trafficking Sou
Page 81 and 82: Economic development In economic te
Page 83 and 84: Surrounding what happens in homes a
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.1 Measuring inequality Coun
Page 87 and 88: Crisis of legitimacy Many states wi
Page 89 and 90: and in a sense of hopelessness for
Page 91 and 92: At the same time, many of the world
Page 93 and 94: can help, but - as the Organisation
Page 95 and 96: Fukuyama, F. ‘A Quiet Revolution:
Page 97 and 98: Tedesco, L. Latin American States -
Page 99 and 100: Urban risk to health The rapid rise
Page 101 and 102: are malnourished, compared with 16
Page 103 and 104: show that prices of imported rice a
Page 105 and 106: pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, meas
Page 107 and 108: SARS caused near global panic for a
Page 109 and 110: Urban life affects the way people w
Page 111 and 112: The Red Cross has 90 first-aid stat
Page 113 and 114: private life. Equally significant a
Page 115 and 116: Sources and further information Bur
Page 117 and 118: World Economic Forum. Global Risks
Page 119 and 120: Urbanization and climate change ris
Page 121 and 122: more frequent hot days and nights,
Page 123 and 124: impacts of changing precipitation p
Page 125 and 126: feedback have all been used to help
Page 127 and 128: Addressing the causes of climate ch
Page 129 and 130: The Green Party Minister for the En
Page 131: The inquiry dealt only with technic
Page 135 and 136: negotiations. However, there are no
Page 137 and 138: to peak if the planet is to have a
Page 139 and 140: Sources and further information Ade
Page 141 and 142: Mata, J. L. and Nobre, C. Backgroun
Page 143 and 144: Urban governance and disaster risk
Page 145 and 146: the city government has developed a
Page 147 and 148: For many cities, including those me
Page 149 and 150: many such cities is participatory b
Page 151 and 152: due to El Niño. Many other factors
Page 153 and 154: all provinces by the end of 2009. T
Page 155 and 156: in informal settlements than in the
Page 157 and 158: Conclusion As we pointed out at the
Page 159 and 160: Fay, M., Ghesquiere, F. and Solo, T
Page 161 and 162: Satterthwaite, D. et al. ‘Adaptin
Page 163 and 164: World Disasters Report 2010 - Disas
Page 165 and 166: (eight windstorms, one flood, one w
Page 167 and 168: �� Miscellaneous accidents: Col
Page 169 and 170: Information systems have improved v
Page 171 and 172: Table 2 Total number of people repo
Page 173 and 174: Table 4 Total amount of disaster es
Page 175 and 176: Table 6 Total number of people repo
Page 177 and 178: Table 8 Total amount of disaster es
Page 179 and 180: During the decade: Asia accounted f
Page 181 and 182: During the decade: Medium human dev
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During the decade: Medium human dev
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During the decade: Americas account
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Total number of people reported kil
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World Disasters Report 2010 - Disas
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Making cities resilient: A ten-poin
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The UNDP Country Office interventio
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which was the 1961 flood that invol
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with semi-rural mountainous areas,
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a Federal Relief Commission and an
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Benin 96, 119, 136, 182 Bogotá 86,
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disasters 7-8, 11-16, 18, 20-22, 26
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high-income nations 12-13, 16-17, 1
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landslide(s) 21-22, 45, 56-57, 117,
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Oceania 12, 166-169, 174-176, 178,
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slum(s) 7, 11, 15, 22-23, 28, 31, 3
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urbanization 7-8, 11-12, 16-19, 27-
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The Fundamental Principles of the I
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